Ultrasound Imaging An Ultrasound Machine - 1291 Words

The photo on the right shows a medical technician using an ultrasound machine to diagnose appendicitis to a patient, without the use of x-rays. The ultrasound imaging technique involves using high frequency sound waves and their echoes. The machine transmits high-frequency sound pulses into the patient’s body using a probe. In the image, the technician presses and moves the probe along the patient’s body. This photo was taken in the St. Louis Children’s Hospital. A wave is a traveling disturbance that carries energy from one place to another. Ultrasound-imaging machines use waves to produce real time images of patients’ organs and tissues to complement diagnosis. The frequency of a wave refers to the number of waves passing a point at a certain time. An ultrasound is a type of wave that has a frequency exceeding the upper limit of human hearing (greater than 20,000 hertz). However, diagnostic ultrasound machines usually use frequencies in the order of 1-10 million hertz. The frequency of waves is very important, as it is very specific when using these instruments. It is imperative to consider that the speed of sound depends on the specific properties of a medium. Therefore, these concepts must be taken into consideration when manufacturing and getting prepared to use such instruments. The wavelength is the distance between two identical peaks in the wave cycle. It is one of the main factors that affect the resolution of an ultrasound image. As the wavelength of a waveShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Micro Vex Probe Ultrasound1039 Words   |  5 PagesEngineering Girl Essay: Micro-Vex Probe Ultrasound One promising new technology related to engineering is ultrasound probes which are used in Veterinarian Medicine also considered as a part of Biomedical Engineering. Taking biomedical engineering is a major required to take in order to learn the basics of this career path in college. Veterinarians use instruments to see what is wrong with their patient or in this case their animal. An example of one instrument veterinarian’s use most often that mightRead MoreMedical Technology Bionics Research Task, Questions and Answers 1669 Words   |  7 Pagesnon-invasive medical techniques are imaging techniques such as x-rays and ultrasound. Minimally invasive medical techniques can be defined as surgical procedures that require the smallest incision into the skin. Examples of minimally invasive medical techniques include keyhole surgery and laser eye surgery. 2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of non-invasive and minimally invasive medical techniques. Non-invasive medical techniques have proven to be advantageous. Imaging techniques are advantageousRead MoreComparison of X-Ray and Ultrasound1217 Words   |  5 PagesX rays and Ultrasound are two of the main imaging techniques used in radiography. For the purposes of this essay, we will look at conventional x-rays and diagnostic ultrasound. Conventional x rays are non-invasive diagnostic techniques that are used to capture images of the bodys organs and bones. Diagnostic ultrasounds are high frequency sound waves to create an image of soft issues in the body such as muscles, joints, and internal organs. As examined below, while both are used in diagnostic radiographyRead MoreCase Analysis: Disruptive Technology a Heartbeat Away: Ecton, Inc.1250 Words   |  5 PagesPackard exceeds 60% of the major cardiac ultrasound manufacturing, which equals to $ 470.4 million. Furthermore, Ecton will be having an ultimate chance to overcome barriers to entry in Echocardiography. In other word , after acquisition, Ecton’s product is expected to be presented in conferences and seminars hold by prestigious cardiac institutes and organizations, such as American Heart Association. That is because the presence of the giant major cardiac ultrasound manufacturing names which is associatedRead MoreThe First Invention Of Radiology1507 Words   |  7 PagesSince the invention of X-rays, there had been numerous discoveries of similar inventions, from image intensifier to ultrasound to magnetic resonance imaging. Without these inventions, humans would not have been able to see the inner workings of the body or detect key information in modern times that allow us to prevent serious illnesses where other inventions proved useless since imaging plays a huge role in diagnosis. In current society, radiology’s first creation has been exposed to most citizensRead MoreEcton Case1408 Words   |  6 PagesStudy on echnology a Heartbeat Away: Ecton, Inc. How does the Ecton machine differ from the existing technology in the market? What characteristics/applications does it have that are similar to that of conventional machine? What characteristics/applications are different? a) Difference: Ecton machine is compact, portable and easy to use. Lower cost ($38,000, less than half the price of the low end full scale machines then on the market). Lower technical quality in most modalities thanRead MoreImaging Research Paper729 Words   |  3 PagesOther Imaging Methods Hospitals, Doctor offices, and many more use lots of different imaging methods daily to check on different parts of your body. From doing an X-ray to check on your bones, to a CT scan to check on the brain for hemorrhages, tumors, and atrophy. To an MRI is used to image soft tissues of the body like the heart and lungs (Timberlake, Karen p. 340). In this research paper, I will talk about 2 more different imaging methods and come more in depth with X-rays, CT scans, and MRI’sRead MorePrinciples of Physics in Ultrasound Essay1717 Words   |  7 PagesPrinciples of Physics in Ultrasound Physics has become an important part of medicine allowing specialist doctors and radiographers to rapidly access a patient’s condition and to help in long-term diagnosis. This enables doctor’s to treat patients before their condition deteriorates. This procedure would not be possible without the use of X-rays, CAT scans, MRI scans, ultrasound and endoscopes, which allow doctors to see inside the body with little or no surgeryRead MoreThe Visual Representation of a Body Part in Imaging Technology1068 Words   |  4 PagesImaging technology is the visual representation of a body part, such as an organ, for the purpose of a medical diagnosis. Nowadays, technologies such as X-Rays, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and ultrasound are used everyday for medical analysis. X-Rays are very useful because they can penetrate through different materials to give an image of the interior of the body. MRI use strong magnets to create an image of a body part, while ultrasound imaging uses sound waves. Bone, muscle and fat absorbRead MoreEcton Inc. Case Analysis Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pagesa. Explain the technology or innovation introduced in the cases. Cannon knew that his compact echo machine, which he carried under his arm by a single handle, would have to perform competitively in a room filled with state-of-the-art echo machines made by long-standing competitors such as Hewlett Packard -- each machine weighing more than the average NFL linesman and costing nearly a quarter of a million dollars. To view the functioning of the heart, the face of the transducer, which was

Website Review and Summary Paper - 846 Words

Website Review and Summary HCS/457 June 25, 2013 Website Review and Summary Through out the years people have relied on their health care providers for medical treatments. Now a day, people have the opportunity to research about any illness, medical concern, medical diagnosis and any type of disease in the Internet. There are many health care organizations that offer people around the world with information about drugs, illnesses, diseases, outbreaks, treatments, preventions and the list goes endless. In this paper the writer will review and summarize governmental health agency websites. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is a national organization that provides information about†¦show more content†¦These two organizations have a similar functional and structural governmental level; both organizations tend to overlap on health care issues, diseases, preventions and education. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention overlooks researches of new vaccines on a specific outbreak. It maintains static information of a given outbre ak within a population and maintains up to date information of the progress and outcome of such outbreak. When an outbreak occurs, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention starts an investigation on how the outbreak began, the near by population is informed of such outbreak; the CDC takes preventive measures to ensure that the unaffected population is not affected. Once the outbreak is under control and the source is identified the CDC works towards providing the community with enough information about the preventive measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also gives information about the source of the outbreak. This information is forward it to the Food and Drug Administration in order to start a recall product if the source is food or drug related. The Food and Drug Administration is a government agency that overlooks the research process and approval of new drugs, food preparation, and it extends to medical equipment, cosmetics, laboratories equipment and m ore. The FoodShow MoreRelatedMarketing Audit Approach - Ikea1571 Words   |  7 Pagesthe author of this document (hereafter referred as â€Å"author†) will review the marketing process of IKEA and will provide an audit report at the end of the course. Marketing Audit Approach This document aims to provide an approach to the marketing audit process and will also detail out the steps that need to be performed to accomplish the same. The final project document will have an executive summary, which provides a summary of the marketing audit purpose, key findings, major highlights,Read MorePlagiarism Incident Of The American Psychological Association ( Apa )1094 Words   |  5 PagesThe plagiarism incident that occurred earlier this month serves as an important reminder for all editors at Parker-Benson Publishing to review the APA documentation system. In doing so, the editors will help protect the company’s integrity and avoid any future plagiarism occurrences. By following the APA format, editors will avoid plagiarism by giving credit to the source materials in their works. Consequently, properly citing other works will inevitably assist the editor in establishing their ownRead MoreSex-Linked Traits Through Meiosis and How It Relates to Genetics.1609 Words   |  7 Pagesphysiology, and ecology. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: †¢ University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. †¢ Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly differentRead MoreCompensation at W.L. Gore Templete in Apa Format1054 Words   |  5 PagesCompensation at W. L. Gore Your Name MS510: Human Resources Management Professor Louis Lopez Month Date, Year Review/Analysis of Findings (center) Text starts here... This section holds several purposes. More than an evaluation of the existing research, this section is where you will draw conclusions from the research and creates links to the â€Å"real world† through application of the findings. You may also explain how the human resource practices being discussed are used at your placeRead MoreWeek 4 Scholarly vs. Popular Media Focus on Sexuality Paper806 Words   |  4 Pageshttp://apus.libanswers.com/a.php?qid=5312. You will summarize a scholarly article (peer-reviewed, evidence-based, original research) and one popular media article on your topic. Once you see how the topic is covered in each source, you will write a paper: 1. comparing and contrasting the coverage; 2. discussing the relative merits of each; and 3. addressing which of the two approaches (scholarly or popular media) is better suited to disseminate information about your selected topic Read MoreEssay Literature Review1001 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review The purpose of this research project is for you to create a scholarly piece of graduate-level research and writing, which conforms to APA format. Competency in the APA format is required of all Business graduates of Liberty University, as set forth by policy of both the Graduate Faculty and the administration. You will research and write a literature review on a topic relevant to our course. What is a Literature Review? â€Å"A literature review discusses published informationRead MoreImpact Of Internet On Modern Business1699 Words   |  7 PagesINDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 4320 FUNDAMENTAL OF SYSTEM LITERATURE REVIEW Deri Kusniawati R11247083 Table of contents Table of contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 3 Articles Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....4 Article 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Article 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....5 Article 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Analysis...†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MorePhl 320 Critical Thinking and Decision Making in Business Complete Class996 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussion and Summary Participate in a class discussion by responding to the following questions: †¢ How would you define critical thinking? What makes a person a critical thinker? †¢ Why is critical thinking important? Provide an example of how critical thinking has helped you in your life. †¢ What do you expect to learn from this course? Write a paragraph summarizing the discussion. PHL 320 Week 1 Knowledge Check PHL 320 Week 2 Globalization Argumentative Paper Review the WritingRead MoreApa Research and Bibliography Activity Essay656 Words   |  3 Pages|Validity | |Wikipedia |Wikipedia is not a reliable source. It is an online encyclopedia where that |It is not a validity source. The web site has no peer review and the information can | | |information can be added and changed by anyone. Many of the sources are not |be misleading. The web site is clear on the information but not necessarily accurate | | Read MoreAcc 422 Syllabus1013 Words   |  5 Pagesshould handle specific situations. Policies Faculty and students will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: †¢ University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. †¢ Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending

Everyday Use by Alice Walker Free Essays

In 1972, Alice Walker published â€Å"Everyday Use† in a collection of short stories In Love and Trouble: Stories of Black women. As better known â€Å"Everyday Use† stood out of the collection, it has become one of few short stories about the conflict black Americans faced after the Civil Rights Movement; The struggle to maintain traditions, whilst embracing new-found freedom, and where the two worlds collided. Discussing the reoccurring themes, symbols and motifs through the narrator’s perception, and actions will reveal if the character, and ultimately the reader himself has grown or remained static in affect of the conflict. We will write a custom essay sample on Everyday Use by Alice Walker or any similar topic only for you Order Now As stated above, once the Civil Rights movement ended and black Americans received the rights equal to a white American, a conflict between the old world and the new world collided. The assimilation of black Americans into the American way of life, the struggle to uphold traditions, and the quest to return to original African culture is a theme in â€Å"Everyday Use†. The narrator’s, â€Å"Mama†, perception of the world is small, in contrast to her daughter’s, â€Å"Dee†. When Dee returns, she has attempted to re-forge her African based culture and dismiss her history and â€Å"The people who oppress me† (Walker 454). She arrives bejeweled in gold, flaunting a flashy yellow African style dress, alongside her assumed boyfriend â€Å"Asalamalikim†. The ignorance of Mama of this being a term in Arabic meaning â€Å"Peace be upon you† (Anthology 454), which instead she mistakes as his name, displays the differentiation between Mama and Dee’s exposure to the world. The way in which she chose to fashion herself exudes the fact that she has no real understanding of African culture, and she is in favor of the American simulated construction of African culture. The quilts become a symbol of the collaboration of their family histories into tangible evidence in â€Å"Everyday Use†, when Dee returns to the house for quilts and the carved dasher, proposing to hang them up for display. This upsets the Narrator, Mama, she makes reference to Maggie being able to put them to everyday use, and she can always quilt more; while Dee adamantly protests. Mama makes a move to recover the quilts and Dee pulls them away and Mama thinks to herself â€Å"They already belonged to her† (Walker 456). In Mama’s perspective, the point of the quilts was the tradition of quilting, not the quilts themselves. She views Dee as someone to wants to act out the movements of appreciation of their culture, instead of passing it on. In the act of retrieving the quilts from Dee’s grip, and returning them to Maggie, Mama reveals herself as an unknowing, round character that can re-act differently than what is expected of her. Mama stands up for the true traditions in the face of her daughter, although her daughter believes herself to be the all knowing one. As well as the theme of old black world verses new, we come across the motif of names and re-naming within the short story. Just as Dee comes home dressed in African styled clothing, she re-names herself â€Å"Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo† to represent her full transformation into a true African woman. Her boyfriend’s name â€Å"Hakim. a. barber† also hints to the fact that he also took up the Muslim faith in an attempt of reform. Mama makes an effort to educate Dee on her name; how it was passed through generations and holds value in itself. Dee dismisses this fact, and it reveals Dees ignorance of the lineage of strong women she was born from. Dee and Hakim try to hide or dissolve their actual history with the history that is more in favor with current society and hold no value in their true identities. In this instance, Dee can be portrayed as the round character, ever changing to fit her surroundings; while Mama and Maggie, the former who does not reveal their name, and the latter who has a normal name, can be portrayed as the flat characters. However, this can be contradicted. In the beginning of the story, Mamas perception of Dee is somewhat tainted by her personal differences from Dee. The fact that Mama was not able to complete her education completely, while still providing an education for her daughter served as a wedge in between the two. Dee looked down upon mama for her lack of education, and Mama felt victimized by Dee’s overwhelming need to prove her higher intellect. For example, Dee’s greeting â€Å"Wa-su-zo-Tean-o! (Walker 454), a term which her mother and Maggie she knew could not understand. In result, she always assumed Dees word to be true and unworthy of contradiction. However, in the end of the story, Mama realizes that even though Dee might have a higher education and therefore exposure to the world, she still did not learn the value of the her true heritage. Something that cannot be learned through school work, and cannot be appreciated through study, was the legacy of her ancestors, so mething Dee adamantly dismissed as irrelevant. Mama then becomes a round character, than can overcome the overshadow of her daughter and prove that all the education in the world cannot help keep culture alive, and only family as well as true traditions can have that effect. In irony, Dee states that it is Mama that knows nothing of their heritage, when it is in fact Dee who has lost all sense of their honest history. We can now conclude that the Narrator, â€Å"Mama† is an unknowing character by her reactions to the antagonist â€Å"Dee†, Mama’s actions were made based off her previous as well as current encounters with Dee. She is in a sense a round character; that overcomes her impertinent daughter’s abhorrence of the word â€Å"No†, and sticks to old traditions. While also, Mama is a flat character, withstanding the exposure to Dee’s education to begin and end the short story in her yard, where she finds peace and control over her environment. â€Å"Everyday Use† did an excellent job in portraying the collision of black American freedom, and the customs of those that lived before the days of civil rights. How to cite Everyday Use by Alice Walker, Essay examples Everyday Use by Alice Walker Free Essays In the early 1970s, the Black Power movement was not only a political slogan against racism, but also an ideology that promoted racial pride and embraced the elements of the African culture. During this time, many African-Americans were encouraged to grow their hairs into afros, wear traditional African clothing, and reject their white slave names. In the story Everyday Use, Alice Walker presents a family with opposing views towards tradition and creates a character fooled by the Black Power movement. We will write a custom essay sample on Everyday Use by Alice Walker or any similar topic only for you Order Now The author uses irony to reveal a meaning of heritage hidden under the perceived idea of African-American identity. From the beginning, the oldest daughter, Dee, pretends to honor and embrace her roots, yet she rejects her past and her ancestors. When she comes home to visit Mama and her sister Maggie, she wears an extravagant yellow dress, gold earrings, and dangling bracelets. She uses the African greeting â€Å"Wa-su-zo-Tean-o! † and begs not be called Dee, but Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo, since she does not want to be â€Å"named after the people who oppressed [her]† (Schmidt 350). Dee changes her name to reconnect with, what she believes is, her African heritage. However, this turns to be ironic because she was named after her aunt Dicie, who was named after Grandma Dee, and by changing her name, Wangero is evading the important aspects of her name and the traditions of her family. Although Wangero is very educated, she lacks the most valuable knowledge. Throughout the story, she portrays an arrogant attitude of superiority towards Mama and Maggie. Mama says, â€Å" she used to read to us without pity; forcing words, lies, other folk’s habits, whole lives upon us, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn’t necessarily need to know† (Schmidt 348). Mama does not feel pride for her daughter’s accomplishments; instead, she feels intimidated by Dee’s egocentrism. The irony comes when Wangero believes her knowledge puts her above her family, yet Mama’s knowledge has a greater value. Mama is â€Å"a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands† (Schmidt 347). She is proud of her hard work and ability to butcher bull calves and milk cows; after all, she learned this from her mother, who learned it from her mother. This is the kind of knowledge the author wants the reader to see and appreciate—the type of knowledge that conveys African-American tradition. Even though Wangero finds in a churn and dasher her African-American identity, she is blind to the significance of these items. Dee values the churn and dasher because they are old, and her uncle whittled them back in the day. She says she â€Å"can use the churn top as a centerpiece for the alcove table, [†¦] and [she]’ll think of something artistic to do with the dasher† (Schmidt 351). With this attitude, Wangero expresses her view towards the items as amazing antique collectibles. Maggie, on the other hand, explains that â€Å"Aunt Dee’s first husband whittled the dash [†¦] His name was Henry, but they called him Stash† (Schmidt 351). The fact that she knows the story behind the churn and dasher illustrates her deep appreciation towards the items. Likewise, when Mama holds the dasher, she reflects on its origin and its meaning to the family: â€Å"You didn’t even need to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood. In fact, there where a lot of small sinks† (Schmidt 351). The sinks in the wood represent the hard labor her family endured and the tenacious efforts Dee would, ironically, never even acknowledge. Wangero also finds a connection to her African culture with Mama’s quilts; however, she does not understand the traditional value of these items. Dee wants to keep the quilts to show off her heritage and hang them on her wall as decorations; she thinks her sister will not appreciate them and will put them to everyday use. Maggie agrees to give up her promised quilts because after all, she â€Å"can ‘member Grandma Dee without the quilts† (Schmidt 352). However, Mama will not let Dee keep them because deep inside, she knows that Maggie deserves them. Maggie learned how to quilt from aunt Dee, who learned how to quilt from Grandma Dee; therefore, she will be able to keep their culture and their history alive. After this decision, Wangero responds furiously, â€Å"You just don’t understand [†¦] your heritage† (Schmidt 323), and suggests that the quilts have a materialistic a value that has to be preserved in order to maintain the family’s African heritage. Ironically, the quilts are not valuable because they are old and their ancestors sewed them; instead, they are priceless because they represent a tradition that many hard working black women followed for years. The author suggests that Maggie has an understanding her sister never will; she understands the real meaning of African heritage. Wangero was one of the many African-Americans in the 1970s who struggled to define their identity within the framework of American society. She changed her name and her appearance in efforts to embrace her African roots and tried to collect antique items to preserve her family’s heritage. However, Dee’s arrogant attitude blinded her from seeing the traditional value of the African culture, and left her with a superficial understanding about her heritage. Alice Walker uses Wangero’s and Mama’s conflicting ideologies to suggest that the substance of an object is more valuable than its style. How to cite Everyday Use by Alice Walker, Essay examples

History of South Australia-Free-Samples Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Landscape Architectural History of South Australia. Answer: Landscape architecture refers to the designing of outdoor areas and structures that help to achieve social, aesthetic and environmental outcomes in a positive way. In order to attain the positive aspects of landscape architecture, prevailing social, environmental, ecological condition are thoroughly investigated so that the outcomes are met with the initial goals (Bull 2016). If one wishes to design landscapes in a successful way, then having a comprehensive idea about how it came to be is essential to gain insights about how to use the different approaches and parameters of landscape architecture so that a balance between the social and the environmental can be established. Without a balance, no structure cannot be deemed successful. The architectural history of South Australia has evolved over time and gradually. It has distinct characteristics and distinguishable from other parts of the country. The architecture of South Australia can be divided into six chronological categories: Old Colonial to 1840, Victorian to 1890, Federation to 1915, Interwar, Postwar and the Late Twentieth Century from 1960 (Beynon et al. 2014). These different times can be looked into to better understand the trends of South Australian architecture so that the distinct characteristics of the regions architecture can be given a proper idea. Australias architecture has always kept a pace with its historical economic patterns. Just like the countrys financial and other social parameters, the architecture of Australia has also gone through periods of prosperity and then periods of contraction. Cycles of excellence of decadence has been experienced, but despite the fluctuating behaviour the architecture of the country has always remained of importance (Leach 2013). The humble beginnings of the countrys architectural history have always had an impact on the later affluent times. The overall goodness of the countrys people and its roots have made sure that whatever happens, happens for a good reason and this sense of something good has lasting impacts during the periods of architectural appreciation. All of the countrys history has not been glorious or even something to be proud on, if facts and past behaviour are to be acknowledged. When the British came to the country, they were only focused upon occupying the lands and take the aborigines out of their own lands (Jacobs et al. 2016). The British told themselves that the native people of Australia were nomads and they did not reside in any structured homes, rather they were hunter-gatherers, in order to validate their actions against the aborigines. The atrocious behaviour did manage to get the country under British occupation and they became the primary owners of the lands. These self-assurances formed the very basis of the British policy of terra nullius, which almost legalised the taking over of the native lands as the British saw fit (Kinniburgh, Crosby and Hromek 2016). It is only recently that archeological findings and research has proved that the native people of Australia were not only hunter-gatherers, but they built s heltered homes as well. Moreover, they also had stores where they sold their crops and other produce. The indigenous people also used to build dams, manage lands, knew the use of wells and learned how to sow the lands (Wallis et al. 2017). The social structures, cultures, lifestyle choices and climate of each of the indigenous groups and tribes were the deciding factor behind their architectural distinctions and characteristics. Though most of the houses that were built were made of canes or other similar products, there were also houses that used sandstones as the prime material. The European foreigners ignored the architecture of the aboriginal and the Torres Strait Islander people (Bruce et al. 2015). All across Australia, diverse forms of architectural characteristics were noticed. When the British arrived, the first government buildings were reflections of European architectural norms and styles, which derived most of its influences from contemporary British structures. Georgian architecture was one of the most notable styles that flourished during this early times of the British occupation. Another European style that gained popularity in the 19th century was the Gothic Revival. Gothic ornamentation, pointed arches, battlements and other similar architectural traits were found in many buildings including churches, banks, university buildings and even in residential homes. In the mid-19th century, with the emergence of the Australian gold rush, came bands of people in search of fortune and prosperity. With them came a surge of Victorian architecture (Guan et al. 2014). During this time, Italian architecture also had major reflections in the architecture of Australia. This specific style became very popular as it gave the scope for richer display of prosperity. In the later part of this period, buildings were becoming burdened with too many columns, lavish decorations and spectacular entrances. This was later to be identified as the Boom style. As stated before, the Australian architecture has been consistent with the general architectural trends of the Western world. To adjust to the climatic conditions of the country, some specific and necessary adjustments had to be made and special designs were adapted. However, during the early British days, the countrys new structures were all highly, and primarily, influenced by the British designs. In more recent times, the Australian architecture has reflected a more Americanised urban designing. The increasingly multicultural Australian society has made designs and other structure to become highly diversified. Australian architects have built some of the most notable buildings on the plants, like the Sydney Opera House, designed by Jorn Utzon, and the new Parliament House, which was designed by Romaldo Girgola. Influence of climate on Australias buildings can be noticed in rural structures like the Queenslander. The regions history and identity have also shaped the countrys architecture. Even if the countrys distinct architectural form started to build during the 20th century, it was initiated long back, as early as late 1700s. Governor Phillip commissioned a prisoner, James Bloodsworth, to build permanent buildings and he was probable the first architect who tried to create a style that was Australias own. He designed the first Government House, and then went on to build structures for the soldiers and the prisoners. His efforts and requirements helped the country to make its first brickmaking industry. However, the production quality was not good and the bricks were soft and brittle (Gua n et al. 2014). Substandard equipment and inferior materials made the buildings not very strong or not ideal to withstand the test of time, but during the time, they served their purpose. During the early years of the 20th century, the country ushered in a huge impact of Federation architecture and started with a style of their own. The modern architectural styles that were being adapted in this century were all helping the countrys architecture to have an identity of its own, which rejected historicism. Colonial buildings had the advantage of being very simple in nature, which made it easier to adapt to this type of architectural style (Anthony and Grant 2016). The contemporary European architecture was named after the monarchs of England who were reigning at that time, all named George. Georgian architecture was much more comfortable with, and focused upon, symmetry rather than ornamentations or much fancy designs. This aspect of the architecture style made it the obvious choice for Bloodsworth and the other builders at that time as none of them were good architects or builders. Even the residential homes started to use this style as it was quick and easy (Bowring 2014). The verandah was one of the most notable local input in the Australian architecture. This looked attractive as well as provided shade. With the rise of pastoralists, who were building solid, sustainable and single story buildings, the verandah became even more popular (David and Thomas 2016). Moreover, the major advantage of this specific part of the building was that it could be used in many different ways to infuse it with the symmetry aspect of building architectures which was widespread at the time. Georgian architecture saw massive and wide use of the verandah in the buildings of Australia. Another reason for this simplicity to arise was the economic condition of the country. Since the colony was new and was only starting to form, it was a requirement to keep the buildings and the architecture style minimalistic so that it could be afforded by most. This simplicity is the most important attribute of the Australian architecture. The pressing need to adapt to the conditions of the new country made sure that the available resources and materials were all used in the best way possible, in the most optimal way they could be (David and Thomas 2016). A great sense of proportion was seen in the buildings, and, even though, the buildings were not large of decorated with much ornamentation, the buildings reflected a sort of honesty and passion, that are valued highly in the architectural worth. These buildings were also fundamentally very sound (Jones et al. 2014). The buildings of Australia were free of the elaborate facades with Renaissance influences. The counterparts of Europ e at that time were all showcasing exquisite examples of ornamented facades on every building, but it was not very for the Europeans to hold on to their architecture in the new country where resources were limited and the craftsmanship was subpar. Instead, what the colonial designers did, was to design the walls themselves and made them in textured patterns with a great sense of proportion (Guan et al. 2014). The details on the walls were always appropriately done, even if they seemed crude at times. The classic characteristics of the Australian architecture were left out when the suburbs were being developed in the 20th century. Almost 85 percent of all Australians have lived in these suburbs since 1900. Despite these being popular and the go-to option for many, these have been described as Australias worst failing by critics (Grundy et al. 2015). The colonial structures bore resemblance from many different parts of the world. The colonies across the world at that time all had buildings which had similarities among them and were part of the broad western colonial architecture. The early American styled buildings were rich and varied greatly in terms of detail from the buildings that were made by the in the Dutch colony of Cape Town (Bruce et al. 2015). The buildings of 19th century Cambodia are of the same kind as those in Australia, but with distinct characteristics. The buildings of New South Wales have remarkable traits that are similar to the colonial structures and buildings of India. The tropics had major inputs in the South Australian architecture. The verandah was one such inclusion that came to Australia from the tropical colonies, via England. The early South Australian houses had huge similarities with the buildings in the southern part of England. It is a popular idea that if a house from a southern English county was to be replaced by one from South Australia in the early colonial period, the substitution would almost be impossible to detect (Beynon et al. 2014). The early colonial buildings of southern Australia had to adapt to the unique climate of the country: its flora and fauna, intense heat in the summer and cloudy shadows. The South Australian landscape and the environment of the country had the most important influences on the early architecture. The first houses that were built in Queensland all had broad verandahs, which were gracefully shaded with corrugated roofing iron, roof ventilators and stumps (Guan et al. 2014). The architectural adaptations helped in keeping the houses cooler, making room for wind to flow within the buildings, as well as serving as a run off for the heavy rainfall that occur seasonally, but intensely (Jacobs et al. 2016). The early beach houses had fully opening walls, which proved to be of great help when it came to cooling down the houses. Overlapping roof layers were used to make sure air can move in between the layers and could keep the structures cooler than the outside temperature. Slats were used in the wool sheds to prevent the sun from heating up the buildings. Slatted floors in the verandahs allow air flow. These early colonial designs and architectural characteristics are still used in the South Australian buildings to this day because of their practicality. The aboriginals believed that a building should be such that it would lightly touch the ground and float above the land. These means that the human made buildings and constructions should not be disturbing the nature. The contemporary Australian architects and designers adapt this saying of the native people to build the structures in modern day South Australia (Marshall, Williams and Morgan 2015). The colonial British understood that the buildings have to be built in a way which gives an elaborate knowledge of the impact of the Southern Australian climate on the materials. In 1835, Greenway had already understood the climate has important implications and he created his designs for buildings in ways that went with the flow of the country, and did not try to stand against them (Razzaghmanesh, Beecham and Salemi 2016). The governors of the country used to give away free land to people. The priority was to develop the countrys different conditions and this had to be done as articulately as possible. This made it possible for even poor people to own large tracts of land. The fact that they did not have to pay for it gave them extra disposable money in their hands. The used the wood from the timber they felled (Jacobs et al. 2016). The only rule they had to follow was to make sure they cleared their own lands. It was a common colonial trait in South Australia to have the roof of the house to be independent of the internal structure (Anthony and Grant 2016). While modern day houses use the walls as the pillars to hold the roof, the early colonial buildings used to have awkwardly placed beams to carry the weight, often resulting in a hollow roof. Consistently misusing beams as components of the buildings was another key feature of the early colonial buildings and this shows the lack of scientific knowledge among the first colonials (Firth 2013). The designers did not have the fundamental knowledge about how to use the edges of a beam to help it support weights and this led to a lot of potential load bearing capacity to be wasted. However, it is a fact that the wider upper surface of the beams did give a lot of space which was convenient for working. The post war era saw a massive cut on housing expenses. Tradesmen materials were running a shortage (Meijering et al. 2015). In order to lower the building expenses of the houses, the ceilings of buildings were being lowered. This trend created bungalows. This trend of houses rendered most details, which were the characteristics of South Australian buildings, to become lost during the period of 1915 to 1940 (O'Neill 2014). The south Australian buildings have had long traditions and specific characteristics that have been influenced and shaped by the landscape and climate of the region. This has made sure that the building styles of the southern part of the country is different than the buildings in other areas of Australia. The buildings have been built based on the materials that were available in south Australia and the environment and the tradition of the land all have played crucial role in creating the distinct style it has today. References Anthony, T. and Grant, E., 2016. Courthouse Design Principles to Dignify Spaces for Indigenous Users: preliminary observations. Beynon, D.J., Gardiner, B., de Jong, U., Lozanovska, M. and Marcello, F., 2014, January. An issues paper: the roots/routes of Australian architecture: elements of an alternative architectural history. InProceedings of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia and New Zealand: 31, Translation(pp. 639-658). Unitec New Zealand. Bowring, J., 2014. Making Landscape architecture in australia: Book review.Landscape Review,15(1). Bruce, T., Zuo, J., Rameezdeen, R. and Pullen, S., 2015. Factors influencing the retrofitting of existing office buildings using Adelaide, South Australia as a case study.Structural Survey,33(2), pp.150-166. Bull, J., 2016. Land of sweeping plains: Managing and restoring the native grasslands of South-Eastern Australia [Book Review].Landscape Architecture Australia, (149), p.70. David, B. and Thomas, J. eds., 2016.Handbook of landscape archaeology. Routledge. Firth, D., 2013. Making landscape architecture in Australia [Book Review].Australian Garden History,24(4), p.28. Grundy, M.J., Rossel, R.V., Searle, R.D., Wilson, P.L., Chen, C. and Gregory, L.J., 2015. Soil and landscape grid of Australia.Soil Research,53(8), pp.835-844. Guan, H., Soebarto, V., Bennett, J., Clay, R., Andrew, R., Guo, Y., Gharib, S. and Bellette, K., 2014. Response of office building electricity consumption to urban weather in Adelaide, South Australia.Urban Climate,10, pp.42-55. Jacobs, B., Lee, C., Watson, S., Dunford, S. and Coutts-Smith, A., 2016. Adaptation planning process and government adaptation architecture support regional action on climate change in New South Wales, Australia. InInnovation in Climate Change Adaptation(pp. 17-29). Springer International Publishing. Jones, D., Low Choy, D., Heyes, S., Revell, G., Tucker, R. and Meikle, H., 2014, January. Reverse Greening Australian landscape architecture education: charting an indigenous perspective on country respect and design. InIFLA 2014: Proceedings for the International Federation of Landscape Architects World Congress(pp. 1-21). International Federation of landscape Architects (IFLA). Kinniburgh, J.R., Crosby, A. and Hromek, M., 2016. No Design Without Indigenous Design: Extending First Year Design and Architecture Students Understanding of Indigenous Australia.STARS (Students Transition Achievement Retention and Success). Leach, A., 2013.What is architectural history?. John Wiley Sons. Marshall, A., Williams, N. and Morgan, J. eds., 2015.Land of sweeping plains: managing and restoring the native grasslands of south-eastern Australia. CSIRO PUBLISHING. Meijering, J.V., Tobi, H., van den Brink, A., Morris, F. and Bruns, D., 2015. Exploring research priorities in landscape architecture: An international Delphi study.Landscape and Urban Planning,137, pp.85-94. O'Neill, T., 2014. Making landscape architecture in Australia; New suburban: Reinventing the family home in Australia and New Zealand [Book Review].Green: sustainable architecture and landscape design, (35), p.98. Razzaghmanesh, M., Beecham, S. and Salemi, T., 2016. The role of green roofs in mitigating Urban Heat Island effects in the metropolitan area of Adelaide, South Australia.Urban Forestry Urban Greening,15, pp.89-102. Wallis, L.A., Davidson, I., Burke, H., Mitchell, S., Barker, B., Hatte, E., Cole, N. and Lowe, K.M., 2017. Aboriginal stone huts along the Georgina River, southwest Queensland.Queensland Archaeological Research,20, pp.1-8.