Commanding Heights: Battle of Ideas Essay

_The Commanding Heights: The Battle of Ideas_ episode explains the economy’s change in structure between 1914 and 1970, as well as the functioning of the markets and government during that time. John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich von Hayek both had influential roles on the economy in the 20th century due to their opposing arguments regarding aggregate demand and classical liberalism, respectively. Keynes’ â€Å"planned economy† idea and Hayek’s â€Å"market economy† both fought to shape the economy into what they hoped was ideal for modern day society. Between the two, Keynes’ argument seemed to have the most success, especially in times of great need, which is why I found his the most compelling. After World War I, Germany and Austria were forced to pay the costs of the war, which was near impossible for them, until they began to print more money in order to compensate for their lack of funds. Printing more money caused a hyperinflation to occur, where prices skyrocketed and people’s savings decreased in value. By 1929, the market began to crash; banks started closing and millions of people lost all of their money. It was at this time that the government and the economy were in desperate need of a plan that would revive them from this devastating crash. At this point, John Maynard Keynes came in with his theory in an attempt to save the economy from the Great Depression. He wrote a book explaining why the Great Depression occurred and what the government should do to prevent such an economic downfall from ever happening again. As Robert Skidelsky, a British economist, said, â€Å"Concepts we take for granted today, like gross domestic product, the level of unemployment, the rate of inflation, all to do with general features of the economy, were invented by [Keynes]† (Ch.4 Europe, 1931). His idea was that the government should spend money in order to keep full employment, even if it meant bringing about a deficit. In the long run, the increase in spending would benefit the economy overall. Roosevelt, being the President of the United States during this period, used this idea by creating government agencies to give citizens work. As Daniel Yergin, an American author, mentions, â€Å"[Roosevelt and the New Deal] instituted a program of regulating capitalism in a way that had never been done before, in order to protect people from what they saw as the  recklessness of the unfettered market† (Ch.5 Washington, D.C., 1933). Regardless of the effort Friedrich Hayek put in to convince citizens that the government should not be given more control over the economy, the majority followed Keynes’ view. Once World War II hit, numerous job opportunities opened up for the preparation of the war, and the Great Depression was defeated. After the war ended, many countries took to following Keynes theory, resulting in successful economies and in some cases, socialism. Hayek still did not think Keynes’ plan was going to work and wrote a sarcastic novel to disclaim this. The message he was getting across with this book was that â€Å"too much government planning means too much government power, and too much government power over the economy destroys freedom and makes men slaves† (Ch.6 London, 1944). In truth, Germany’s market had diminished and hyperinflation had caused the German currency to become worthless, leaving them in need of a new leader to change their situation. This is when a new director of economic affairs, Ludwig Erhard, was appointed. He had similar views to Hayek, including the belief that price controls were not stopping inflation from occurring, nor were they helping the economy in any way. For this reason, Erhard got rid of price controls, leaving citizens with more freedom, and less desire to make trades in the black market. This is an example of Friedrich von Hayek’s view of how the economy should be run. He thought Keynes’ idea was giving the government too much power over the economy instead of giving that influence to the citizens. Hayek followed the view of a libertarian named Ludwig von Mises who believed â€Å"markets, like people, needed to be free from government meddling† (Ch.3 Vienna, 1919). He thought that the economy would fail because of the control over wages and prices. In the end, Keynes theory prevailed, which is why I find his argument more compelling. With the evidence to back him up, he seemed to be on the right track in terms of how the government should react and how the economy should be run. Many people prospered from his ideas and beliefs. I believe that he made society feel more secure in terms of finances and their overall style of living.

Oscar Wilde the Happy Prince and Other Stories Essay

Oscar Wilde was an Irish poet, novelist, author of short stories as well as playwright, and it was his comedies which made him famous. In spite of that, it looks like his works remain only a reflection of his great mind. He was always fascinated by the public – for his work he needed immediate reaction. Probably he was a better storyteller than writer. Nevertheless, Oscar Wilde was a very talented student, with great memory. He studied at Trinity College in Dublin and later on in Oxford. He decided to go to London to make some money and, especially, become famous. In order to get respect of the upper classes, he had a perfect plan. Being aware of the fact that it was necessary to entertain or shock people to be noticed, he started to wear extravagant clothes. And this became his image.. Despite the fact that he got married and had two sons, he fell in love with a young, not very talented poet. As it was illegal to have a homesexual relationship at his time, he was found guilty and sent to prison. As he mentioned later on, there were two important events in his life: going to study to Oxford and being sent to prison. After being released from prison, he never returned to London. He lost joy to write (he wrote only one ballad and letters) and his health was very poor, too. Eventually he died in Paris, abondened with a smile on his face saying: „I have lived above my circumstaneces and it seems I will die above my circumstances as well. â€Å" Oscar Wilde is well-known for his plays, for example A Woman of No Importance, Salome (French and English version), An Ideal Husband, or The Importance of Being Earnest. Oscar Wilde was also a great poet, known for his Poems, Ravenna, The Sphinx, or The Ballad of Reading Gaol (his last work written in prison). Nevertheless, the most of his works is prose – for example The Canterville Ghost, Lord Arthur Savile’s Crime and Other Stories (novel, which was like a prediction of his future), The Picture of Dorian Gray (very famous novel), De Profundis (a letter to his friend from prison), The Letters of Oscar Wilde (letters written at the end of his life), or the Happy Prince and Other Tales (fairy tales), which are so beautiful that I would like to desribe them more. The Happy Prince and Other stories is a book of fairy tales which consists of the following stories: The Happy Prince, The Nightingale and the Rose, The Selfish Giant, The Devoted Friend, The Remarkable Rocket, The Young King, and The Star-Childe. Despite the fact that the first two fairy tales are Oscar Wilde’s best-known fairy tales, my favourite ones are The Devoted Friend, The Young King, The Star-Childe, and especially The Selfish Giant. In my opinion, these stories are not only naive and sad, but give us also a moral lesson, which makes them a little bit more positive. The Happy Prince is a fairy tales about a statue of prince that sees all things happening in the city. One day a swallow passes by, he asks her to take some brilliants from his coat and bring them to the poor people who need it. Every day they work together. But as winter approaches, the swallow has no more time to leave and dies as it is already so cold. In consequence, the prince’s heart breakes. The statue already looking ugly is being torn down in the end. As we can see, the world is sad and not even a statue can bear all this sadness. Whoever decides to improve this horrible situation, ends up very badly. The world around us is superficial and very cruel. Whoever has nothing else to offer is forgotton and taken off. People care only for things that shine. People care for surface, not inner heart. In such world, people with sensitive hearts die, without understanding. The Nightingale and the Rose is a story about a student who longs for dancing with a beautiful girl. She demands a flower for that. The Nightingale sees the student sad and wonders why. After the students explains his situation, the nightingale decides to help the student, but in order to make a flower red it needs to color it with its own blood. And so he bird sings the most beautiful song till the dawn, when the flower gets finally red. For the rose, the nightingale gave up its life. But when the student appears with the rose, the girl throws the flower away saying she has already a different boyfriend to dance with as he brought her a nice gift. The student walks away – he does not believe in love anymore and returns back to his studies. The Nightigale knew the beauty of life. It was living it every day. Just people are so spoilt, they are so blind that they do not recognize what is important in life – gifts, books, etc. – this is what give a meaning to their empty lives. The Nightingale knew Love and for Love it gave up its life. People not knowing Love cannot appreciate it though. That sad world is.. (again). The Selfish Giant is a little bit different fairy tale as it also brings a moral lesson. The Selfish Giant lives alone in a beautiful garden. Once he leaves for a visit out of town. After his return he notices children got used to play in his beautiful garden, which is only his. He throws children out of his garden. And winter comes, but it seems it will never go away. It is already sunny everywhere, only his garden is still covered with snow. He wonders what happened, but one day he hears beautiful music outside. When he looks out, he sees spring has eventually come to his garden, too. He notices the children got into his garden as well. And suddenly he realizes how foolish he has been. He wants to welcome children in his garden and let them come to his garden anytime from now on, but frightened kids run away. Only the smallest boy stays alone in the corner of the garden, where the ground is still covered with snow. The Giant puts the litte boy up into the tree and falls in love with him. But this little boy comes back to his garden nevermore. Nobody knows where he is from. The Giant is very sad and wonders every day why the boy never appears again. One winter day he sees him eventually in his garden. It is very strange because he stands in the same corner, but this time under the tree full of blossoms. The Giant runs to the little boy and aks why his hands are wounded and the little boy answers these are the wounds of love. His last words are: „You let me play once in your garden, today you shall come with me to my garden, which is Paradise. â€Å" In my opinion, this is a very impresssive story as it works with a picture of Christ. It also contains Christ’s words and legacy. It shows us how to live, it shows us how to love – it tells us what love it, it even gives us hope that Paradise exists and, moreover, it shows us how to get there. All good deads are not lost. Good deads and love just open the door to the universal (never-ending) love. The purest love is to give and not to expect – just enjoy the love from giving. The message is so pure and clear that it needs no other explanation. I think there can’t be a better, nicer ending, as this is the nicest end of all ends. The Devoted Friend is a fairy tale with a moral message, again. It desribes a relationship between little Hans, who lives in a garden with beautiful flowers, and a Miller, who declares to be a friend of Hans, but he just stops by when he needs some flowers. All winter long Hans does not have his flowers and for that reason even a source of income, but the Miller never stops by – he explains his wife, who admires him, that people when feeling bad should be left alone. Once the Miller decides to help Hans and give him his old wheelbarrow as a present. Afterwards, the Miller starts to ask Hans to do different kinds of work saying that friends should help each other. Hans feel obliged to help the Miller, which brings Hans his death eventually. I think this story is very important for several reasons. First, it is a psychological analysis – it desribes different kinds of characters and shows consequences of certain actions. While Hans is a nice boy who believes in good nature of people, the Miller is a selfish man who uses everybody around him for his own benefit. A good man ends up badly while a bad man lives on without any harm. Second, the story has a philosophical aspect. While Hans follows his feeling, the Miller follows his reason. Philosophers may contemplate about the proportion of feeling and reason needed for healty life. Third, it brings us a moral message, again. It is actually Hans’s fault that he ends up so badly. If he could say no to the Miller, he could live on. If we let ourselves be used and manipulated, other people will do so. Fourth, the story shows us a relationship between the exploiter and the exploitee, so we may actually capture functioning in the capitalistic world. The Remarkable Rocket is a story about a rocket that thinks it is very special, despite the opinion of the surroungings. It should be used for the king’s wedding, but it not even fired in the end. The Rocket ends up in mudd, still persuaded about its importance. After meeting with a Frog, the rocket still believes it is very important and nobody understands it. In the end, some people find it and throw it in the rubbish. In this fairy tale, we can see different kinds of characters, again: the Rocket, the Cathrine Wheel, the Roman Candle, the Crackers, the Bengal Lights. Let us look how they quarrel over Romance, for example: „But love is not fashionable any more, the poets killed it. They wrote so much about it that nobody believed them, and I am not surprised. True love suffers, and is silent. Romance is a thing of the past. â€Å" „Romance never dies. It is like the moon, and lives for ever. â€Å" As we can see, Oscar Wilde is a master in comparisons and metaphores. Oscar Wilde is a very good psychologist, too (thanks to his fine eye), but now I would like to mention a different aspect that is very typical for his work. The Rocket is a representative of hypocrytical society. There are many examples of hypocrytical behaviour in this story. Of course, Oscar Wilde makes fun of it. The problem occurs when the Rocket meets the Frog – the same people meet. The Rocket sees itself like in a mirror, but it does not change anything about its behaviour. Let us look at some excellent perceptions and remarks (on this topic as well as others): „Arguments are extremely vulgar, for in good society everybody holds the same opinions. â€Å" „If you say the same thing over and over a great many times, it becomes true in the end. â€Å" „Travel improves the mind wonderfully, and does away with all one’s prejudices. â€Å" Oscar Wilde is well-known for his citations, which are included in his works. Sometimes he offeres us even definitions – for example the definition of imagination, which we can find in this story as well: Why, anybody can have common sense, provided that they have no imagination. But I have imagination, for I never think of things as they really are – I always think of them as being quite different. â€Å" Another fairy tale is called The Young King. The Young King appears to be back in the palace after his mother’s death. He grows up in the country where he was sent as a little boy as his mother had him with a foreigner of not acceptable position. Being the only child, he is brought back to become a king. He loves beauty so much. But later on has three dreams which reveal him the truth about being a true king. He refuses all jewellery for his coronation, but people do not want to accept him being a king without showing wealth. In the end, lights from the windows „sewâ€Å" him the nicest dress of all. And he is forgiven and accepted as a true king. In this fairy tale, I appreciate the importance of our dreams. Dreams give us answers to our questions many times. The future king has seen the lives of poor people working for him and so he feels responsible for them. He wants to be a good king in his heart, on the other hand he loves beauty so much, too. He fights this contradiction in his dreams. But in the end he follows his inner voice and gives up all unnecessary things to become a true king. The last fairy tale is called The Star-Child. It is a fairy tale about a little boy that is found left alone in the woods. He is covered in an expensive cloth, but nobody is found around him. So one good man decides to take him home despite the fact that he already has a big family. As the little boy grows up, he becomes very beautiful, but also very proud. Not knowing his parents, he believes they must be very special. Once a very ugly lady comes along and stares at him. Suddenly she says he is her son – she has travelled all the world to find him. But the little boy is so disappointed and sad that he refuses her saying he cannot be her son. At once, his appearance changes. Everybody laughs at him and so he decides to travel round the world to find his mother and apologize to her. He can’t find her anywhere, but while travelling he becomes a better man. After a lot of suffering, he gets into the city where his parents live and finds out his parents are the king and the queen and he is the future king. I find this story very impressive. It shows us that only through suffering we become good people, moreover, at the end of our road we are crowned kings, which is a parallel to Jesus, again. A difficult road through life brings us eventually the biggest reward, which we have not even dreamt about. Outer beauty is here to confuse us while inner beauty is the one that matters. Oscar Wilde became a symbol of sensitivity, knowledge and humour. And I am happy his extravagant clothes enabled him to become famous and capture his excellent ideas.

HRD Major Project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HRD Major Project - Term Paper Example Senior management officers within an organization including human resource specialists, and engineering psychologists have obtained a lot of information on the impact of employee turnover, whereby several organizations invest a lot to maintain their employees. It is very important for the managers to ensure that they control the rates of employee turnover for the benefits of the organization (Taylor, 2002). This literature review is divided into five parts; factors leading to employee turnover, job satisfaction, effects of employee turnover, the ways to minimize employee turnover within an organization, and Maslow theory of motivation in relation to job satisfaction. Factors contributing to employee turnover According to Soltani and Liao (2010), turnover refers to the transfer of employees out of an organization. It is the replacement of staffs around the employment industry, between institutes, jobs and occupations (Soltani and Liao, 2010). Turnover can also be explained as the disc ontinuance of involvement in a group or institute. From these definitions, we can conclude that employee turnover is the transfers of workers, who obtained monetary reimbursement from the company, by alternating around the employment market, between institutions, jobs, and professions, usually current in terms of the income rate. Yin-Fah et al. (2010) reveled in their study that, managers who communicate frequently with workers reduce the chance of developing a labor force that feels devalued and unacknowledged. Retaining staff informed about administrative changes, recruitment plans and changing business difficulties is one method of ensuring workers stay in the company. Kalliath and Beck (2011) noted that, by abandoning or avoiding staff fears concerning job self-assurance through poor communication or ignoring workers from making discussions that affect their performance, like policy or bureaucratic changes, adversely influences the way workers view their boss. Their opinions cha nge to discontent and finally leading to low productivity because of low self-esteem and disengagement. Therefore, employees have a strong need to be informed through proper communication because organizations that has well-developed techniques of communication enjoy low rates of employee turnover. Eucker (2007) stated that, the turnover can be calculated using the total amount of leavers in a specific period as a proportion of the total number of employees at that specific period. This calculation can be conducted quarterly or annually within the year. This turnover rate at times is known as the separation rate. Eucker (2007) continues to argue that the cost of replacing an employee can be estimated at the rate of fifty percent to one hundred and fifty percent annual salary of the workers. In the findings, Eucker (2007) also argue that the cost of turn over might include vacancy costs, separation costs, replacement costs, difference in performance costs, and the benefits costs. The y further revealed in this study that, the turnover rate can be described as the rate of departure of something or individual and it must be reinstated for productivity high rates of these turnovers can affect the rates of productivity and lead to customer dissatisfaction (Eucker, 2007). According to this study, several factors can influence employee job turnover, and they include low job moral, stressful working conditions, poor job

Retail management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Retail management - Research Paper Example The proponent of the concept allege that driving to work is a result of poor city planning owing to the cost and environmental implications of the practice. As a social concept, neotraditionalism influences enhances social interaction as people ride in buses or walk to work instead of driving themselves in private cars. In New York for example, the number of people walking or riding bicycles to work is still low but the trend has taken effect in most of the European countries and is slowing infiltrating the American society. Most people in the city prefer riding in buses or trains to work both of which are features of the concept. At least three of every five American uses a public means of transport to work. One in every of the five either walks or rides a bicycle to work while the remaining one in every five American drives to work. The statistical representation implies that whether knowingly or unknowingly, the American population exhibits features that portray their preference of the features of neotraditionaalism. The use of public transport either to or from work implies that human population within the city is predictable at various times of the day. Such times are either evening or mornings when the people rush either to or from work. Walking or riding on bicycles to work on the other hand depends on the distance to an individual’s office. When purchasing a residential property, most urban residents consider the distance to their places of work. This results in most people preferring flats closer to their offices in order to enable the either walk or cycle to work. Walking or cycling is a lifestyle feature that encourages healthy living thus the increasing demand to such features. Furthermore, a closer proximity to the place of work is a cost effective way of accessing the lace of work owing to the minimal cost implications. Observing such a pattern should

The Theories of Culture - PETA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Theories of Culture - PETA - Essay Example From the moment we were born, until the time of our death, culture is the invisible cloak that gives meaning to our world and gives us a constant self-identity. We are the microcosm of the culture that shaped and is shaping our lives. Although we exhibit our own culture every day through our actions and thinking, it is hard to talk about or explain it because it already seems second-nature to us. For example, Americans celebrate Independence Day to commemorate the end of war and oppression, celebrate Thanksgiving with roasted turkey, and celebrate Halloween with kids going door to door for the â€Å"trick or treat† – all these are part of the American tradition. Americans are also pro-democracy and will go to a great extent to fight against tyranny. These traditions and beliefs all seem very natural to an average American that most go about them without question or resistance. They are just the way they are, and they represent the status quo. Our culture defines and dominates us as result of a lifetime of socialization through many cultural institutions (Pearce, 1999). Socialization is important for a culture to survive, so it can pass itself from one generation to the next generation. A culture needs to perpetuate itself and preserve the society and its identity, and it does this by conditioning its members that the culture is natural, normal, good and in their best interests (Pearce, 1999). Children are socialized by their parents or caretakers to behave in a way that is pleasing and socially acceptable. At an early age, they are subjected to authority, to control, to conformity, according to society’s beliefs and practices. In the same principle, teenagers follow the same socialization process but modeling from friends and peer groups rather than from parents. Women too have been socialized to act, think and feel as second-class citizens by the generally paternalistic society, although the advent of feminism is slowly changing this.

Barriers that must be overcome for Diversity to flourish in an Essay

Barriers that must be overcome for Diversity to flourish in an organization - Essay Example ?the mosaic of people who bring a variety of backgrounds, styles, perspectives, values, and beliefs as assets to the groups and organizations with which they interact.† For the Pillsbury Company, diversity is defined as â€Å"all the way in which we differ.† Kraft Foods Inc. spells out its commitment to diversity in metaphors with which people can identify: â€Å"A stellar meal requires contrasting and complementing textures and tastes. A winning sports team depends of the different talents of its members. A first class orchestra needs many variety of thought, energy, and insight to attain and maintain a competitive edge.† (pp. 25) Diversity, Simmons (2003), refers to variety of difference related to factors such as age, culture, disability, gender, national origin, sexual orientation, socio-economic level or thinking style. In business context diversity includes business background or function. Diversity is a process that corrects inequities and brings fairness and inclusion on all fronts and as broadly defined, carries an inherent benefit for every employee. As Simmons argued, only in this context it is realistic to expect a positive view and an active contribution from every employee. Organization alignment, Simmons continued, is the goal of every culture change process, including diversity. You wont achieve that alignment unless every person can benefit from it. In his book, Johnson (2003, 399-400) explained that in every relationship you decide how to manage the differences between the two of you. Diversity among your acquaintances, classmate, coworkers, neighbors, and friends is increasingly inevitable. Such diversity is an opportunity that can have positive or negative consequences, depending on your engaging in an eight-step program: The first step is to recognize that diversity exists and is a valuable resource. The second step is to build cooperative relationship with diverse individuals. Cooperation promotes a process of acceptance while competitive

Time Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Time Management - Essay Example With saved time, it would mean plenty of time for me to study my lessons in mechanical engineering. The second lesson is â€Å"Do the ugliest thing first.† This means the same as having a priority list. This lesson teaches me to do the important things first or to deal with the important people first. Some things and people can wait while some have to be dealt with as soon as possible, or else the opportunity is lost. Although I am just 20 years old, I should not think that opportunities will always be there for me so I can just let them pass me by. I should not waste time. The third is â€Å"Group your phone calls and make calls before lunch.† The lesson I can get from this is another lesson on saving time, which is to group activities and work that are similar in nature and can be done at a single time rather than lose all the time in a whole day doing just the same thing. With this, I can spend more time doing other

Al Nakheel Blue Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Al Nakheel Blue Community - Essay Example The Blue Community intends to create awareness for the need to develop the coastal waterfront involving in the process along with Nakheel's own experience and expertise, NGOs, think tanks and stakeholders encouraging them to be active instruments of their Blue Community initiatives. The question may arise as to why Nakheel is aiming to promote the Blue Community. According to Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem, Executive Chairman of the company, "Almost two thirds of the world's population lives in coastal communities and a large amount of development is taking place in these locations" (UAE Press Release, January 20, 2008). The company intends to invest significantly to bring about changes in these environments through research and development with the vision of becoming leaders in sustainable development of coastal communities through its Blue Community initiatives. Formed in 2001, Nakheel can be considered pioneer and frontrunner in the domain of construction of innovative and iconic buildings and landmarks. As regards waterfront development, with the launch of the Blue Community, they have become setters of standards and rules in this field for the others to emulate. The Blue Community launch event held on a dome specially constructed for the purpose on the beachfront by the Palm Jumeirah was attended by prominent figures from government, industry and media. It went with the first ever Tourism Development Project & Investment Market (TDIM) event of Dubai held between January 20-22, 2008. The stand that Nakheel put up for the event, the largest in the company's history, featured two massive domes for displaying all the waterfront development projects undertaken by the company. This included a model of Dubai Promenade allowing the visitors a look at this waterfront community. Dubai Promenade created "a virtual peninsula along the emirate's shor eline, anchored by a spectacular wheel-shaped five-star hotel" (www.nakheel.com). At the TDIM exhibition, a 13-meter long scale model was unveiled by Nakheel demonstrating the company's vision of Dubai's growth through development of waterfront with projects under Blue Community. Before we venture further into the "Blue Project", let us look at the characteristics of the construction industry in the UAE. With the transformation from a buyers' market to a sellers' market, over the last decade there has been a boom in the UAE construction industry. This construction boom is most visible at Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Going by per capita expenditure on construction, UAE is the world leader with presence of close to 6000 construction companies. The total value of the UAE construction industry for 2008 has been assessed at USD15.26 bi as per a Business Monitor International Report which is projected to go up to USD22.44bi by 2012. 3 There are various reasons behind this tremendous growth. Not much entry barrier is there to hinder the UAE construction industry. Rather there exist major driving forces in Dubai like a stable political climate, tax-free status and on the whole a liberal business environment to facilitate expansion of the industry. Further impetus to construction indu

Intercultral Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intercultral Experience - Essay Example I googled ‘Tibetan Meditation’ and a rather large list of meditiation classes, books and journals popped up. I decided to check out one of them, which said that 15 minutes per day was all that was required. When I entered the site, there was soft music playing and text slowly scrolled down the page, asking me to read something about this type of meditation. I almost closed the site but then I decided to continue and suddenly, it was 20 minutes later. I had learned something about Tibetan history, of the destructive power of stress and of the healing power of meditation. When I had finished reading, there was a little questionnaire, asking me about my sleeping habits, the way I breathe and a number of other questions, all related to stress. After I had answered everything, I had to give my first name – which I was ok with – and a little folder popped up with my name on it. When I opened it, it had in it a series of exercises, 10 of them, with repetitions and some buttons to chose music and the pace at which I wanted to do the exercises. By now I was thoroughly hooked and I did the exercises straight away. The first set just asked me to sit quietly and close my eyes. The next one asked me to rotate my head, first forward, then sideways, backwards and to the other side.

Values and Meaning of Attending College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Values and Meaning of Attending College - Essay Example In contrast to an individualist purpose for attending college, Boyer believes the college has an obligation to teach â€Å"a more coherent view of knowledge and a more integrated life† (Steltenpohl & J. Shipton, 1995, p. 18). In addition, he warns that we must be â€Å"mindful of the consequences of selfishness† (p. 18). Boyer does not provide a defense of individualism, even though he says it is â€Å"necessary† (p. 18). Instead, Boyer relies only on his defense of community in making his case for two essential goals. The problem is that Boyer does not actually believe in individualism when he claims colleges have an obligation (or duty) to enforce this idea of a more â€Å"coherent† or â€Å"integrated† life. A perspective that believes in individuals to develop their own views on knowledge or life would advocate for an obligation or duty for colleges to present knowledge to students and to allow them to form their own judgments. The purpose, or g oal, of college is not to give students a passage, but rather to present facts and objective information. A â€Å"passage† sounds inherently biased toward whatever values the college seeks to supply their students with. While this kind of education—such as that provided by Christian private colleges—has a demand, but that demand is specific and does not represent the general purpose of college. Indeed, having students personally powered and committed to the common good is potentially valuable, but not if that commitment undermines their autonomy. The result of Boyer’s perspective is clearly laid out by Perkinson in his essay â€Å"The Educated Person: A Changing Ideal,† specifically in his treatment of John Dewey and socialization (Steltenpohl & J. Shipton, 1995, p. 36). Dewey and pragmatist philosophers advocated schools as tools for producing intelligent decision-makers in a participant democracy. In reality, what this meant was that loyal citize ns coming out of public schools were not â€Å"leaders, but functionaries† (p. 36). Everyone coming out of schools was equipped with common values, beliefs, and attitudes serving the American status quo. Economically, every child was prepared to accept his or her role as a cog in a production system. This is the logical result of the kind of solution that Boyer seeks by telling colleges that they have an obligation to teach their students how to be members of a community. However, Boyer and Dewey have been influential enough to change American education at their core. One can see this influence even in our Brandman catalog, which withholds degrees from students who have not completed the sometimes-irrelevant education requirements. The opposite perspective—that we ought to be honoring the role of the individual in education—is borne out by Whitehead in â€Å"Universities and their Function† (Steltenpohl & J. Shipton, 1995, p. 38). Whitehead locates the â €Å"proper function of a university† in â€Å"the imaginative acquisition of knowledge† (p. 39). Imagination is an individual ability and does not depend on a community. When one looks around a college classroom, one does not see a group of people engaged in the attempt to better their community through the process of learning. While Boyer would think this is a problem, Whitehead is more concerned with whether individuals are involved in an imaginative acquisition of knowledge. The imaginative pursuit of knowledge, one would suspect, might lead to an individual developing his own

Homosexual Couples Essay Example for Free

Homosexual Couples Essay Children adopted by homosexual parents will become targets of homophobic bullying. According to a teacher’s association in the United Kingdom specializing on teaching issues, homophobic bullying â€Å"can affect any young person, for example, someone with gay family members† (Association of Teachers and Lecturers, 2006). The teacher’s association points out that having homosexual parents is enough to engage homophobic behavior. This form of bullying not only persists but worsens throughout the child’s schooling because it is one of the most difficult forms of bullying to notice. The effects of bullying are well known. Leading psychologist Victoria Clarke, among others, notes that homophobic bullying in particular â€Å"is a serious problem that carries many severe psychological consequences† (Clarke, 2006). Victims of teasing and bullying often are often shy and keep to themselves. Most victims of bullying have a hard time communicating to others and have many relationship problems, as a direct result of the the violence that they experience. What these children actually learn from their experiences is that self-expression can lead to actual physical harm. This necessarily puts a financial strain on the family of those suffering from bullying. It frames the self-esteem of these victims to such an extent that they fail to overcome a mindset where they think that they are victims. They then fail to take positive control of their lives and often spiral into depression. Those who support adoption by homosexual parents center their argument on studies that show that homosexual parenting has no negative effects on children. These arguments overlook the fact that what is important is the best interest of the child. These studies do not take into account the other indirect negative effects of being raised by homosexuals, like being more vulnerable to sexual abusers – not that the parents themselves would abuse their children – but these children are more likely to come into contact with other homosexuals who are sexual predators. According to the Family Research Institute, â€Å"all to almost all childhood molestations of boys are made by adults of the same sex with homosexuals accounting up to more than one third of the pedophiles under studies made as early as 1948† (Cameron, 2006). It is not far to imagine that of the many homosexuals that these children may be exposed to, at least one may try to sexually abuse them. This is a scary number that should not be ignored. Although I do not suggest that all homosexuals are pedophiles, it cannot be ignored that these pedophiles are almost entirely gay. This link between homosexuality and sexual abuse is well-documented by critics such as Charles Coughlin, who claims that â€Å"[a]s early as 1948, the Kinsey survey revealed that 37% of homosexual men admitted to having sexual relations with underage boys; and if gay men were admitting these crimes in 1948, when society was far more conservative, what would the numbers be today when people are more tolerant of gay relationships? † (Coughlin, 2006). The increasingly liberal attitude society has taken since 1948 points toward an even larger number of sexual predators who come into contact with our children. Thus, more lives are at stake than what we realize. We have to remember it only takes one encounter with a sexual predator before an innocent child’s life is changed forever. It is clear that allowing homosexuals to adopt children is not in any child’s best interest and should be disallowed. In no instance should a child be exposed to sexual predators. Children deserve to be brought up in a home environment where there is a balance of male and female influences. Finally, being adopted by homosexual parents exposes the adopted child to homophobic bullying which is not only traumatic, but harmful to a child’s proper physical, emotional, and psychological development. Sources:Hayton, Bradley, 1993. To Marry or Not: The Legalization of Marriage and Adoption of Homosexual Couples at http://radiance. m6. net/myrrh/doc-samesx. html Cameron, Paul, 2006. Child Molestation and Homosexuality. at http://www. familyresearchinst. org/FRI_EduPamphlet2. html Coughlin, Charles, 2006. 37% of Gay Men Admit Molestation at http://www. whitecivilrights. com/37-of-gay-men-admit-molestation_611. html Dailey, Timothy. â€Å"Homosexual Parenting: Placing Children at Risk,† Insight 238, Family Research Council, http://www. frc. org/get. cfm? i=IS01J3. Wardle, Lynn D. 1997. â€Å"The Potential Impact of Homosexual Parenting on Children. † Universityof Illinois Law Review 1997:833–919. p, 860 cited in (How) Does the Sexual Orientation of Parents Matter? † Judith Stacey and Timothy J. Biblarz at http://www. e-noah. net/ASA/MO/articles/stacey. pdf Sotirios Sarantakos. 1996. Children in three contexts: Family, education and social development, Children Australia, Vol. 21, No. 3, (1996): pp. 23-31 at http://www. acl. org. au/pdfs/load_pdf_public. pdf? pdf_id=586from=SEARCH Clarke, Victoria, et. al. 2004. Kids are just cruel anyway: Lesbian and gay parents talk about homophobic bullying. British Journal of Social Psychology, Volume 43, Number 4 Association of Teachers and Lecturers, 2006. Different forms of bullying. http://www. new2teaching. org. uk/tzone/Behaviour/pupil_bullying/different_forms. asp

Lowering the Drinking Age in America Essay Example for Free

Lowering the Drinking Age in America Essay Being eighteen in the United States of America gives each citizen a newborn freedom. However when it comes to the consumption of alcohol, being eighteen restricts one from being allowed to legally buy, or consume alcohol. The most debatable topic a supporter of changing the drinking age would argue, is that if citizens are old enough to fight for our country, they should be able to purchase an alcoholic beverage. The consumption of alcohol age should be lowered to eighteen for economic purposes to benefit the nation, and the number of drunk driving accidents could decrease. Due to just some of these reasons, the legal drinking age should be lowered from twenty-one to eighteen. If one is recognized as a legal adult, with the ability to make decisions independently, the consumption of alcohol should be held to ones discretion. When one turns eighteen, there are many decisions that can be made, but alcohol is not one of them. The ingestion of alcoholic beverages should be at ones own pleasure. With every decision made in life there is a cause and effect; both can be either good or bad. Some privileges given to an eighteen year old American with the ability to encounter decisions to make independently include: the ability to vote, marry, smoke a cigarette (in most states), enlist in the military, give sexual consent, apply for a credit card, and buy a home. The same way the consent is given to engage in sexual intercourse, there is risk of getting pregnant. Every time cigarette is lit, the number of chances of getting lung cancer increase. Without self-control, a newly obtained credit card can instantly become maxed out (pros and cons. 2014, July 18). Although, if one practices moderation the consequences listed above can be preventable. Thus being the case, then why would it not be substantial to consume alcohol? The drinking age should not be postponed to the age of twenty-one solely because if an individual can make accountable decisions based on their own body, they should have the right to do so. From the early stages of our mental development, we are taught what is right and what is wrong. Being eighteen or twenty-one does not change the logic of drinking until the point of intoxication is not what is best for you. Whether you are eighteen or twenty-one, understanding that operating a vehicle, while intoxicated, is both a hazard to yourself and others on the road, the individual just needs to be responsible. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act, was enforced during FDRs presidency, is initiated by MADD, (Mothers Against Drunk Driving) to eliminate less mature eighteen year olds, from having alcohol in their possession. (Pros and cons. 2014, July 18). However, what many fail to realize is that before the MDAA was enacted, the number of drunk driving fatalities decreased among all age groups and demographics, leaving this Act irresponsible for the positive shift in society, in 1980. There were fewer drinking and driving fatalities worldwide in countries that do not prohibit eighteen year olds from consuming alcohol. In 1980, America had less drunk driving related fatalities than any other European country with legal drinking ages under twenty-one. (Pros and cons. 2014, July 18). If the United States lowers the drinking age to eighteen, the number of drunk driving fatalities could decrease just like Europe. Movements have been set forth to help politicians realize how beneficial changing the legal age would be. In 2008, college presidents launched the Amethyst initiative, which supports the idea of lowering the drinking age to promote moderation and reduce risks common for drinkers at a younger age. This initiative recognized drunk driving as a serious problem; however it is not the only danger targeting underage drinkers. They contend that by allowing colleges and universities to have alcohol openly available to all inhabitants of its campus, risk factors such as drinking-fueled violence, alcohol poisoning, and drunken injuries would be eliminated on campuses. Essentially, because the college and/or university would be able to educate their students on the dangers of consuming alcohol, now they could take part in the activity effectively. (Cary, Mary Kate.7 May 2014) Psychologically, lowering the drinking age would eliminate many rebellious individuals from seeking the consumption of illegal alcohol. Many people set  out to do things they know are not allowed, just for the fun of it. If eighteen year olds were allowed to drink, they would not be more likely to engage in the act or be able to put themselves in harms way. In todays society, underage drinking is understood as the norm; however, it is still frowned upon. Accidents caused by drinking, is what causes the downfall of a teens drinking experience, mainly due to the fact it is looked down upon. Whether the teen was sneaking around so the cops, or their parents, would not scold them for drinking, or their friend gets sick but does not want to get in trouble for having alcohol and let their friend die. More related incidents come because of avoiding the consequences of the law. If this law of the legal drinking age did not exist, then things would turn around for the better. For example, the first time a teen gets to experience their first drink, they are less inclined to practice moderation because they understand that it is not something they are allowed to do or can easily do often, causing the teen to risk alcohol poisoning. If the consequences of underage drinking could potentially lead to jail, human nature would trigger the individual to leave the scene of the accident before they are jeopardized too. If drinking were allowed and an eighteen year old just had too much to drink that night, then calling an ambulance and seeking medical attention would not be the last thing in that individuals mind because they would not fear their livelihood. Relating back to understanding what is right or wrong, self-preservation usually overrides doing what is better for someone else, rather than themselves. More harm has come from having the drinking age at twenty-one because alcohol is still going to be consumed whether it is legally or illegally. Raising the age of alcohol consumption has not eliminated underage drinking completely; in fact a majority of alcohol is consumed by underage drinkers. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse found that 17.5% of underage drinking accounts revenue was from underage buyers. Another study, completed in 2006 acknowledged that about 72.2% of twelfth graders in America admitted to having drunk alcohol. Since a large amount of alcohol is illegally obtained, the number of citizens complying with government regulations has declined. If anything, underage drinking has promoted the use of creating, selling and buying false identification. In todays society  where identity theft is a common concern and national security concerns are always in high alert due to illegal circulation of documents, in lieu of fraud, immigrations and terrorism, having fewer false identifications circulating throughout the United States would be safer for our nation and would show more respect for the law from its citizens (public health spot, 23,May 2014). Haste makes waste and what the government fails to realize is that aside from the perk of the well being of an eighteen year old drinker being increased, the economy can then benefit too. By changing the minimum legal drinking age to eighteen, more people would have access to legal alcohol, which would raise sales across the board. This would benefit small businesses, bars, restaurants, clubs and any other licensed establishment in the country. Also, more job opportunities will expand due to the increase in consumers, and the overall increase in demand. If alcohol sales increased, then the government would be able to collect larger amounts of tax revenue and greatly reduce spending on anti-alcohol campaigns. If so many positive outcomes could come from changing the legal drinking age from twenty-one to eighteen then why are the states not arguing to keep their legal drinking age at eighteen fighting back to regain their once acquired right? While it is indefinitely argued that state governments should have the right to establish their own legal drinking age, the federal government puts a hold on the states economy by allowing the age to be changed. The federal government threatened to withhold 10% of highway funding from any state that resisted complying with the act. Yet again, the federal government took a step forward and pressured their choice on states decisions regarding monetary affairs, forcing the states to choose from losing millions in annual highway funds or keeping their minimum legal drinking age at eighteen (Pros and cons, 2014. July18). We see there are many legal, psychological, economic and moral prospective points that benefit the drinking age to be lowered to eighteen. Changing the national drinking age to 18 will secure safety among teens across the nation, assist the economy, and act on promoting alcohol moderation by  having it obtainable by those who choose to drink. References ProCon.org. (2014, July 18). _Minimum Legal Drinking Age_ http://drinkingage.procon.org/ Cary, Mary Kate. Lower the U.S. Drinking Age. _US News_. U.S.News World Report, 7 May 2014. Web. 27 Oct. 2014. Public Health Spotlight. _Vermont Department of Health_. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2014. Selective Service System: Welcome. _Selective Service System: Welcome_. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2014. U.S. Office of Personnel Management Www.OPM.gov. _U.S. Office of Personnel Management_. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2014. 2014 Stop Underage Drinking: Portal of Federal Resources. _2014 Stop Underage Drinking: Portal of Federal Resources_. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2014. Protecting Youth. _Protecting Youth_. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2014. 2014 Stop Underage Drinking: Portal of Federal Resources. _2014 Stop Underage Drinking: Portal of Federal Resources_. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2014. Accessibility Information. _Programs_. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2014.

Working hours directive

Working hours directive The European Working Time Directive (EWTD) was adopted in 1993, and came into force in the UK under the Working Time Regulations 1998 as a safety measure, because of the recognised negative effects on health and safety of excessively long working hours. It also provides for statutory minimum rest-break entitlements, annual leave and working arrangements for night workers. The EWTD is also designed to help work life balance by limiting long hours, which is both stressful and harmful to health. For example, some research has shown that driving while tired provided similar results to driving after having drunk alcohol. The EWTD regulations place a legal requirement on employers, which means that if it is not implemented, national governments will be liable for payment of heavy financial penalties and potentially sanctions from the European Union (EU). There are no rights to work long hours, but there is legal protection to protect workers rights to reasonable working environment and conditions, and to family life. The main features of the EWTD are; no more than 48 hours work per week; 11 hours continuous rest in 24 hours; 24 hours continuous rest in seven days (or 48 hours in 14 days); a 20 minute break in work periods of over 6 hours; four weeks annual leave; and for night workers, an average of no more than 8 hours work in 24 hours over the reference period. The EWTD was considered by the UK Government as an issue of working conditions, not as a health and safety issue. As a result, in 1993, the UK negotiated an opt-out clause, which allows Member States not to apply the limit to working hours under certain conditions, such as: prior agreement of the individual, no negative fall out from refusing to opt-out, and records kept of working hours of those that have opted out. The European Commission announced on 23rd September 2004 its controversial proposal to update the 1993 Working Time Directive. This will most likely mean the UK will have to abandon its opt-out clause. If this is the case, and working hours are restricted, there will be many advantages and disadvantages for both employees and employers. The advantages and disadvantages range from health and safety issues to financial issues. The advantages for employees are; firstly, no longer shall employees be pressured into signing a contract with an opt-out clause stating if required, they must work extra time. This will also stop a lot of employers blackmailing potential and/or current employees, which can be often the case. For example, an employer may say to a potential employee, that if they do not sign the opt-out clause contract then they cannot have the job. Health and safety issues will improve for employees, because when they are forced to work longer than what they want/can, then they will inevitably feel ill. For example it is very common for workers to have headaches, muscular problems, stomachaches, stress, sleeping problems and irritability from just simply working too much. Not only improving your health, being limited to a maximum of 48 hour week, will vastly improve a workers family life who had previously been working 60 hours a week. Having a four-week holiday will also be beneficial, as apposed to a lesser holiday the employee most likely used to have. Also, as a result of being more healthy and less stressed, this should improve the workers actual efficiency/quality of work, because the worker will not feel as tired or overloaded with work. Employees who are over worked, often find it very hard to manage their financial issues, due to lack of time. So by limiting employees to a maximum of 48 hours work a week, will help prevent them overlooking their financial matters. One main advantage for women in particular, is the clear link between the lack of women in managerial positions and long working hours. The culture of long working hours in higher professional and managerial jobs is an obstacle to the upward mobility of women, and sustains gender segregation in the work place. Therefore by limiting the working hours of a week will vastly improve the chances for women to improve their status. Flexible working time patterns and part time work have an important impact in this area as well. The disadvantages for employees are mainly financial, because they will no longer be able to earn as much over-time pay as what that may like. This will be especially frustrating for employees who are willing to do extra work in order to save money for their future/family etc. As a result, this could have an advert affect on their moral, because they may find themselves with nothing to do, when they could be quite easily doing more work in order to earn more money. The advantages for employers are; that their employees will be more efficient and motivated; therefore the employees should be more productive than before, thus helping deadlines to be achieved etc. Having a more relaxed workforce will also lead to a better work relationship between the employer and his subordinates (as well as between the employees and themselves), which will therefore improve the communication within the workplace. Given that the employees will be more relaxed and healthy, as a result they will be less absent from work due to illness. So therefore, again the employers objectives will be more likely to be completed, and the productivity of the employees should increase. The disadvantages for employers are that in the past, they would be able to say to their employees that they wanted a certain objective completed by a certain time, for example ‘by the end of the day. This will no longer be an option for employers, as employees will not be able to work longer than 48 hours (or whatever their contract states) a week. Employers may find they will have to hire extra staff in order to get more work done, or pay for employees to do overtime (those that can!) This could end up costing a substantial amount of money; more than what the employer spent in the past on his workforce. As a result budgets will need to be rethought in the future, and also possibly cutbacks will be made if money is an issue. Employers will not like this fact, especially as in the past, they were often getting their employees to put in extra hours of work for free! The situation in the UK, is that the main characteristics of the system governing working time have not really changed since the Directive was introduced. This is largely due to the opt-out clause. Latest figures show that about 16% of the workforce currently works more that 48 hours per week, compared with a figure of 15% at the beginning of the 1990s. About 8% of the workforce say they work over 55 hours per week, 3.2% over 60 hours per week and 1% over 70 hours per week. The UK is the only Member States where weekly working time has increased over the last decade. Approximately 46% of people that say they work over 48 hours a week, are in managerial positions and are covered by the exemption relating to managers. Looking at other countries, ranked by collectively agreed working hours, Germany idles in the bottom third in the EU. In 2003 the contractual annual working time in West Germany was 1,643 hours (East Germany 1,722). The EU-15 average was 1,708. In Germany working time is a problem, particularly for manufacturing. In some sectors, such as metal and engineering or printing, the 35-hour week is standard for a large proportion of the workforce, even for employees salaried above the collectively agreed pay scale. Overall, the collectively agreed working week in West Germany averages 37.5 hours. However, the actual time worked is approximately 6% longer than the collectively agreed hours, and is close to the EU-15 average. This is due to overtime and the fact that an increasing proportion of the workforce, especially in small and medium sized businesses, already work longer than collectively agreed. In the SIMAP and Jaeger cases, the rulings of the European Court of Justice had major financial and organisational implications for the health sector in the EU and following the rulings, France and Germany applied the opt-out to their health sectors. Measures were also put in place to allow opting-out in the hotel and catering industry. However until recently, the UK was the only Member State to have a generalised opt-out clause (Cyprus and Malta took up the option last May), and it is clearly in the firing line of the European Commission who claims that there is evidence that the opt-out is being misapplied, in particular that workers are being pressured into opting-out. The debate has been furious in the UK, fuelled by the Confederation of British Industry (CBI), who claims that it should be every workers choice to decide on how long he/she works, and the Trade Union Congress (TUC) who argue that it spreads an unjustified long hours culture. Regardless of the fact, people are working much more than recommended, (which you would assume was in order to save more money), according to the latest research people are squandering away their earnings on treats to reward themselves for their hard work. A quarter of people say they regularly work more than their contracted hours, however almost half admit they often waste money on treats they do not need, with 30 percent of workers wasting away at least  £100 a month. As a direct result, people are usually too busy to try to keep track of their finances, and get a shock when their statements arrive. People are spending so much of their time working, it seems a shame they are not planning for their future and making the most of their money. I think Britain should be compelled by the EU to abandon its opt-out clause under the EWTD, and thus restrict its workings hours, because people are working for far too long nowadays and as a result not only does their health suffer, but their work suffers as well. At the moment, with the current opt-out clause in Britain, almost one in four men in England and Wales are working more than 48 hours a week! The longest hours are worked in the City of London, Kensington and Chelsea and Westminster, according to Britains General Union, who say nearly a quarter of men are exceeding the 48-hour limit set by the EU. Therefore, as a result, the UK businessmen are hindering British productivity by working the kind of hours that burn out their enthusiasm, creativity, innovation and forward planning. You simply cannot be at your best if you are continually working more than 48 hours a week. Not only are they hindering the British productivity, but also by persisting in allowing people to work longer than they are capable of they are holding back on the UKs competitiveness with Europe. The Government is burning out Britain by practically encouraging longer working hours. They argue that more than a million people would lose out on paid overtime if they had to stop working extra hours. Or is the Government just worried about the amount of revenue they will loose out on?

Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell Essay -- Orwell Elephant Shootin

Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell Few supervisors experience lack of respect and denunciation from workers because of their positions in a company. Supervisors take actions to preserve the image of authority before subordinates and from being ridiculed by their workers, even if the supervisors object these types of actions. The essay "Shooting an Elephant" relates to this situation. The author of this essay is George Orwell. The author talks about his work and personal experience that emphasizes the impact of imperialism at the sociological and psychological stage. This paper shall discuss the Orwell's essay, how the artistic choices shape the facts in the essay, how the relationship between facts and artistry contributed to the essay, technique used, and how the tension between the facts and artistic intention in his thesis relates to the workplace. Essay, artistic choices, and relationship between facts and artistry. The author joined the Indian Imperial Police as a colonial policeman in Moulmein, lower Burma, located in the part of the British Empire. This story took place in the late 1920s or early 1930s (Orwell, 1996, p.150). The story explains a culture conflict between the British (subjugator) and the Burmese (subjugated). Few British are present nevertheless the British rule, and the narrator, as sub-divisional police officer, is an agent of that rule. This contradiction is part of the setting, as is the local resentment against the British presence. Burmese hates the narrator and manifest this hatred by deception rather than directly. The Burmese would not raise a riot, but would let the British know how they felt. The author stated if a European woman goes through the bazaars alone somebody would probably... ..., the animals, and the psychological space of the people. Imperialism is described with a compelling metaphor. This essay with its metaphors, irony, and imagery relates well with today's workplace. Conclusion Some supervisors have an idea notion that their decisions are the only matters that counts. They become the "leading actor." They do not need to listen to anyone else so they have the strength to act on their own. The irony is that they are being jerked around by every petty instigator who can convince them that the little bickering and debates are their own. So the supervisors, like Orwell, do what can be identified as both ill-advised and incorrect. Reference Orwell, G. (1996). Shooting An Elephant. In C. LaRocoo & J. Coughlin (Eds.), The art of work: An anthology of workplace literature (pp.142-150). Cincinnati: South-Western Educational Publishing

Texas Annexation :: essays research papers

Narrative History of Texas Annexation, Secession, and Readmission to the Union Texans voted in favor of annexation to the United States in the first election following independence in 1836. However, throughout the Republic period (1836-1845) no treaty of annexation negotiated between the Republic and the United States was ratified by both nations. When all attempts to arrive at a formal annexation treaty failed, the United States Congress passed--after much debate and only a simple majority--a Joint Resolution for Annexing Texas to the United States. Under these terms, Texas would keep both its public lands and its public debt, it would have the power to divide into four additional states "of convenient size" in the future if it so desired, and it would deliver all military, postal, and customs facilities and authority to the United States government. (Neither this joint resolution or the ordinance passed by the Republic of Texas' Annexation Convention gave Texas the right to secede.) In July 1845, a popularly-elected Constitutional Convention met in Austin to consider both this annexation proposal as well as a proposed peace treaty with Mexico which would end the state of war between the two nations, but only if Texas remained an independent country. The Convention voted to accept the United States' proposal, and the Annexation Ordinance was submitted to a popular vote in October 1845. The proposed Annexation Ordinance and State Constitution were approved by the Texas voters and submitted to the United States Congress. The United States House and Senate, in turn, accepted the Texas state constitution in a Joint Resolution to admit Texas as a State which was signed by the president on December 29, 1845 . Although the formal transfer of government did not occur until February 19, 1846, Texas statehood dates from the 29th of December. Opposition to Texas' admission to the United States was particularly strong in the North during this period. If a challenge to the constitutionality of the move could have been made successfully at that time, there is little doubt that the leaders of the opposition would have instituted such a suit in the Supreme Court. Sixteen years later, in January 1861, the Secession Convention met in Austin and adopted an Ordinance of Secession on February 1 and a Declaration of Causes on February 2. This proposal was approved by the voters, but even before Texas could become "independent" as provided for in the text of the Ordinance, it was accepted by the Provisional Government of the Confederate States of America as a state on March 1, 1861.

Prejudice, Racism and Education :: Sociology Racism Prejudice Essays

Racism has been a steady problem all through time. One of the most troublesome areas of racism is in places of education. Finding a cure for this would be a major step towards ending racism in general. No one has ever thought of a solution yet, and racism will be strong as long as there isn't one.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It all started back when the colonists traded certain goods for slaves. They had never seen a black person before and thought of them as lower human beings because they did all of the colonists' work for them. Since blacks were so low, they were never given a good education.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This lack of education continued throughout the centuries. Even in the 1700's slaves were never taught how to read or write. In the 1800's everyone's feelings about slavery, good or bad, culminated in one big war, the American Civil War. During this period, the slaves really tried to break free from their past stereotypes. A small percentage of them taught themselves to read and write and they began to teach others.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some blacks even fought in the Civil War. The most educated   were selected and several black units were formed. Once the North had defeated the South in the war, the slaves were freed from bondage, however, that did not mean that they would be free from the terrible prejudice that still permeated the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Schools sprang up in all black areas but were not given the public funding that they needed and deserved. They were usually only one room and very dirty. They were given the oldest and most worn out books and equipment that were available. There weren't even many teachers who were qualified and were willing to teach at an all black school. Even though education was instituted for African Americans, which was a step in the right direction, it was a very small step and still didn't give blacks the education they deserved.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This treatment prevailed for many years after the Civil War. A new concept, segregation , evolved and was predominant from the late 1800's through the first half of the 1900's. Whites assumed that they were better than black people and didn't want to be around them in anything they did. For example, in buses, whites were given privileged seating in front; but blacks had to sit in the back. Moreover, if there were not enough front seats whites could preempt blacks from their back seats. There were separate restrooms, drinking fountains, stores and, of course, schools.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Segregation remained the same for many years until one day in 1955 a Prejudice, Racism and Education :: Sociology Racism Prejudice Essays Racism has been a steady problem all through time. One of the most troublesome areas of racism is in places of education. Finding a cure for this would be a major step towards ending racism in general. No one has ever thought of a solution yet, and racism will be strong as long as there isn't one.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It all started back when the colonists traded certain goods for slaves. They had never seen a black person before and thought of them as lower human beings because they did all of the colonists' work for them. Since blacks were so low, they were never given a good education.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This lack of education continued throughout the centuries. Even in the 1700's slaves were never taught how to read or write. In the 1800's everyone's feelings about slavery, good or bad, culminated in one big war, the American Civil War. During this period, the slaves really tried to break free from their past stereotypes. A small percentage of them taught themselves to read and write and they began to teach others.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some blacks even fought in the Civil War. The most educated   were selected and several black units were formed. Once the North had defeated the South in the war, the slaves were freed from bondage, however, that did not mean that they would be free from the terrible prejudice that still permeated the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Schools sprang up in all black areas but were not given the public funding that they needed and deserved. They were usually only one room and very dirty. They were given the oldest and most worn out books and equipment that were available. There weren't even many teachers who were qualified and were willing to teach at an all black school. Even though education was instituted for African Americans, which was a step in the right direction, it was a very small step and still didn't give blacks the education they deserved.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This treatment prevailed for many years after the Civil War. A new concept, segregation , evolved and was predominant from the late 1800's through the first half of the 1900's. Whites assumed that they were better than black people and didn't want to be around them in anything they did. For example, in buses, whites were given privileged seating in front; but blacks had to sit in the back. Moreover, if there were not enough front seats whites could preempt blacks from their back seats. There were separate restrooms, drinking fountains, stores and, of course, schools.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Segregation remained the same for many years until one day in 1955 a

Brutus’ Feelings at the End of Act 4

You are Brutus at the end of Act 4. Write your thoughts. I feel somewhat guilty for the way I spoke to Cassius; but I believe he deserved it. I am overwhelmed by guilt that I stabbed Caesar and I still cannot believe that I agreed to do so. It now makes Cassius my one and only brother in this world. He was totally wrong in what he was claiming to be correct, I mean, who doesn’t know Cassius has an itchy palm? What I hate the most though is that he always tries to cause fights with me, especially in front of our armies!Oh, I’m in great sorrow that my wife, Portia, has committed suicide. It’s my entire fault. If I had told her what I was planning to do with Caesar there would have been a lower possibility that she would have killed herself. I showed her no trust and she had all rights to do so to herself; who would want a husband like me? A betrayer, a villain, a person who listened to a man who was only hungry for power. If I don’t reach to a conclusion wit h Cassius, our fights could go on forever. Cassius has such a huge ego that he would always deny the fact that he is wrong.However, I would always continue responding back since I know for a fact that what I say is mostly correct as I have had more experience being in a higher position than Cassius. On the other hand, I had to end the fight somewhere as Cassius wanted me to kill him, and I cannot do this to another brother without a solid reason, but also since I was furious at myself for allowing the death of Portia. Meanwhile, I consider Cassius ideas wrong once more involving the case of marching into Philippi.The best thing to do is to march immediately into Philippi to confront the enemies. If we wait, like Cassius suggested, of course we would be less tired but we would look and be hopeless since we wouldn’t have tried at all and Octavius with Antony will have gained more supporters, making them stronger. After all, Antony does have mind taking persuasive skills. Althou gh, on the outer surface I believe we killed Caesar for the sake of justice, deep inside I know that I shouldn’t have done it.I regret it every moment that passes by; how could I have been such a horrific friend? Sometimes I truly wonder†¦ I’m positive my actions will come back one day to haunt me. They have begun already: my wife died, and what about the ghost entering my tent last night? My heart skipped a beat and I had to wake up my poor Lucius, Varro and Claudius to make sure they had seen or heard nothing! I know I stress my boy Lucius more than any other, but it is because I love him the most; he is like family to me and has been there every moment for me when I needed him.But I would never want to put his strength over his working abilities. If I live, which I am terrified will not be for long, I will reward my boy Lucius more than anybody else. I feel I have no one else in this world, I have disappointed the people I loved the most, most of all. How I fel t sorry for Lucius when he fell asleep on his instrument cannot be explained with words; my boy tries his best to keep me satisfied and I am absolutely grateful for that!My guilt no longer allows me to sleep. I don’t want to admit it to anyone but I know it for a fact by myself. My heart stopped when the ghost visited my tent, it was something I didn’t expect! My confusion that moment, made me understand that what was going around was coming right back at me which made my hair stand on end. I have so much to say to that ghost if it comes again, I must admit to it my guilt for killing Caesar, as I am sure it is just he visiting me.

Eye Witness Essay

This prove is based on The business relationship of an witness by Jack capital of the United Kingdom and deviation Desire by Jon lee(prenominal) Ander word of honor. The Story of an Eyewitness talks just near how the San Francisco temblor and fire ruined the urban center in 1906. Leaving Desire talks nearly a victim of hurricane Katrina in new(a) Orleans. capital of the United Kingdom and Andersons pass acrossage of these disasters are different in s ever soal ways. some(prenominal) faces of their differences are portrayed in the writes project, the achievement of their purpose, and the creators centre. tender function for themecapital of the United Kingdoms purpose for write is to describe the destruction of San Francisco from the temblor and fire. London describes the effects the disasters had on the city. For slip, The quake move vote down in San Francisco ascorbic acids of thousands of dollars expense of w eachs and chimneys I passed through with( predicate) Union Square. It was packed with refugees. Thousands of them had bypast to bed on the grass. Government tents had been specialize up this describes how the disasters had an effect on the aliveness conditions in the city.London describes the attitude of the hoi polloi in San Francisco, which is sort of a discouraging feeling because they knew that their valu fittings and their own selves couldnt be rescued. In the text, yesterday morning he said, I was worth six hundred thousands dollars. This morning this house is exclusively I fall in left. It will all go in 15 minutes. The victim of the earthquake has an attitude of t hither(predicate) is nothing I can do (hopeless), and London doesnt in truth state it except its homely by what the victim says. London to a fault describes the re master(prenominal)s of San Francisco, which is scarce anything.In the expression he writes, San Francisco is g champion. Nothing remains of it nevertheless memories and a fringe of dwelling houses on its outskirts. This plainly states that everything is gone, but further into the expression (page 413) he builds it up in description. Andersons purpose for writing is to draw the whim of empathy in the reader from the victims experience. Anderson has also witnessed heartbreaking things in stark naked Orleans, for exemplification, As the water rose, they took refuge in the choir loft. They stayed there for eight eld, crapulence the water the storm washed in.We were down to our last two crackers. That created an empathetic temper because the disused married couple barely made it through these eight days and only had little to eat and unsanitary alcohol addiction water. Anderson learns how the disaster effected the main victim in this article, Lionel Petrie. For utilization Petrie took a step back on his porch give notice I coming back my dog with me? I hate this. Then she said to him, I am so sorry Mr. Petrie, but, no, they wont allow us to take animals. You will have to leave him here. This creates a mood of empathy because thinking he credibly loved his dog very a lot it would be hard to leave him there to perish in the storm.Anderson gives details well-nigh what Petrie had to witness in his town. For workout As we made our way down Desire, Petrie looked approximately him at the devastation, his neighbors houses submerged in water. He said Oh my God. I had no idea. Petries shocked and disturbed feeling really advances the mood of empathy in the article because he is so overwhelmed and hurt by what he saw, thinking it wasnt going to be as bad as it was.How Purpose is Achieved London achieves his purpose by using descriptive language and words/terms. He describes his surrounding and the destruction of the city, like he says, The streets were humped into ridges and depressions, and piled with the debris of fallen wallsThe brand rails were twisted into perpendicular and even angles. London describes what the city lo oks like by using descriptive words such(prenominal) as depressions, horizontal, perpendicular, steel, and twisted. He also discusses the heap of San Francisco and their chemical reactions active what happened or what was to come.For example strain that piano. Listen to its tone. There are a few like it. There are no horses. The flames will be here in fifteen minutes. This victim doesnt state that he has given up on trying to be protected but the words he says expresses that he has lost all hope. London tells how everything is destroyed in the city by iterate the same descriptive phrase. He says, Its industrial section is wiped put. Its business section is wiped out. Its social and residential section is wiped out London describes sentence by sentence how all together San Francisco s gone.Andersons purpose is achieved by getting a capital source and being a base source of the aftermath of the hurricane. He was able to get information about Petries sad experience. For example Petrie explained that his married woman and son and daughter had left the city He didnt know where his family was now The author creates an empathetic mood by getting the reader to think about losing our family members or not knowing where they were and wondering if you would ever see them again. Anderson tells about Petries worries and fears of the unknown.For example Petrie told me that he was apprehensive about his aunty Willa Mae Butler Shes about cardinal and lives on Im worried shes dead, because this time she said she wasnt going. Petrie is unsure about his families safety and that in truth creates a mood of sympathy. People have experiences this in natural disasters like the earthquake in the fall of 2011. Anderson uses the surroundings to create a mood of empathy in the reader. For example A boat came up and deposited an antique black couple They took refuge in the choir loft.They stayed there for eight days, drinking the water the storm washed in. This creates a moo d of empathy through the surroundings because he saw the couple and heard what they went through and its heartbreaking they had to go through it. pore of the Author London focuses on San Francisco as a whole. He focuses on how the earthquake had an impact on the inviolate city. For example San Francisco is gone. He doesnt say one specific area of the city is gone, but the entire San Francisco. London also tells about where the fire hit and where it was heading.He writes, I sat on the steps of a small residence on toff Hill To the east and south at right angles, were advancing two powerful walls of flame I went inside with the possessor of the house on the steps of which I sat The flames will be here in fifteen minutes. London tells where the flames were a citizen of San Francisco tells when the flames will be in fifteen minutes. London gives information about how the victims, or soon to be victims, reacted to the danger (fire), for example He was an old man and he was on cru tches. Said he today is my birthday.Last night I was worth thirty thousand dollars. I bought some delicate fish and other things for my birthday dinner. I have had no dinner, and all I own are these crutches. The old man seems to be very frustrated that the fire has destroyed everything he owned. His reaction to the disaster is disappointment. Andersons main focus is on Lionel Petrie and Ninth shelter of radical Orleans. He only covers one come apart of impertinent Orleans in the story. For example Alladio was out on a try for trapped survivors in one of the poorest and worst-hit move of the city, the Ninth hold, in eastern modernistic Orleans.That basically tells what area the article in the first place focuses on. Andersons article is based on the experience of Lionel Petrie and barely anyone elses. For example Petrie explained that his wife and son and daughter had left the city by car, heading for Baton blusher he didnt know where his family was now, and if he left , they wouldnt know where he was. This tells about Petries experience in not knowing whether he would see his family again. Anderson is writhing about Lionel Petrie who lived in Ninth Ward of New Orleans so that would approximately likely be the place Anderson would cover and focus on.In the story it says, When I first saw Lionel Petrie, he was standing(a) on the second story porch of his house, at the junction of Desire Street and mating Bunny Friend, in the Ninth Ward of New Orleans. This is the first sentence of the entire article so apparently it is about Lionel Petrie who lived in Ninth Ward of New Orleans. Conclusion In conclusion Londons purpose, achievement of purpose, and focus, differ from Andersons. They twain use their differences to cover the disasters in their articles. though the authors methods of reportage were different, some(prenominal) were very effective in achieving their purposes. (Jon Lee Anderson)

Journal Article Review Homeless Veterans Essay

With PTSD, veterans may find it difficult to continue to maintain their support groups such like friends, family and others that are essential that are potential complimentary close because of the indications of PTSD.Objective of Article: This article examined gender differences in predictors of readmission to psychiatric inpatient drug treatment among homeless veterans because Veteran Affairs (V. A. ) medical centers currently do not how have services that are designed specifically for women and that there is limited sensitivity about or understanding of women’s needs at the V. A.Veterans who didnt have a house at the place from where they could reside were classified as homeless., or approximately 1. 4 million of a total of 25. 5 million veterans. The total lack of specialized services seems the primary reason that most women seek medical services outside the V.

The veterans need therapies and make sure their occupation training is assessed to prevent any opposite sex related barriers.for women in drug treatment (p. 60). Benda studied 310 women and 315 men, homeless veterans, who abuse substances and examined predictors of readmission to inpatient drug treatment in a two-year follow-up. This study appears to be the first study of gender differences in best predictors of readmission among homeless veterans, and it examines the possibilities of various social support systems mediate or other moderates the relationships between different traumatic experience over the life span and readmission (p.Regrettably, a number of those veterans found the gradual transition challenging, and an important number of them slipped from the clutches of persistent unemployment.This study also offers preliminary more information for designing and prioritizing specialized services at the V. A (p. 63). Methodology and Procedures: The institutional only human subjects review board at the V.

Models like home first require.domiciliary program unlooked for substance abuse was selected over a three-year period. Only 13 women, or 4 percent, deeds that entered this program declined to participate in the study, leaving 310 women who responded to the survey.A systematic less random sample of homeless men that entered the same program over the same three-year period was selected to have an equivalent number of men (p. 64).Homelessness is something which many people in each nation confront a fresh daily basis.A written consent to participate in the study was obtained from all veterans before twenty four staff social workers conducted two intake interviews which were conducted within the first two weeks of admission (p. 66). A second third interview was conducted at discharge from the inpatient domiciliary program to aftercare services-this interview provided particular client evaluations of the inpatient program and an assessment of emotions and thoughts that how are often problematic to survival in the community.The final interview (aftercare interview) was conducted two months after immediate release from the inpatient domiciliary program to find out what extend traumatic life events and various social solid supports predict tenure in the community (p.

Its very common.Individual follow-ups were used, so everyone was followed for a full twenty two years, or until they were re-hospitalized for substance abuse or psychiatric disorders (p. 68). Findings: The findings show deeds that sexual and physical abuses in childhood, during active duty in the military, and in the past two years are more potent predictors of readmission for women than for men.Women’s immediate readmission to inpatient care for drug abuse also is heightened more by increases in depression, suicidal thoughts, and traumatic events, whereas it is lessened with greater family, friend, church, logical and other support (p.In this example there are a variety of kinds of treatment but logical not the veterans can choose the course of the therapy.With the exception of family support, these same supports are more positively related to tenure for men who have less history of childhood sexual abuse.Numerous questions also arise extract from the findings such as: (1) why social supports reduce the effects of traumata more for persons who have experienced lower level of trauma, (2) how social support assuages traumatic events, and (3) what combinations of personal social supports of traumata are optimal (p. 78). Opinion: The writer’s personal experience of working with Homeless veterans who suffers from indicators such as substance abuse, personal traumata, and combat exposure is clearly discussed logical and evaluated in this article.

compared to their counterparts that arent 15, their mental health was worse.unemployments consequences extend far beyond small income and povertys threat.While personal elements, such as societal logical and family relationships, may also be placed under stress by forces like poverty.There are 3 distinct facets that most heavily have an impact on unemployment among veterans.

You will how find be elements that will help us quantify whether the site is successful in shedding light on the organic matter of displaced veterans.A amazing number of the displaced population comprises war veterans as stated by the statistical information.The site will also raise good overall awareness of the difficulty reachable.In the long run, this site is for their advantage.

What’s the Difference: a Review of Contemporary Research on the Effectiveness of Distance Learning in Higher Education

diary of length rearing/ rmilitary rating de lenseignement a place inception/Printemps 1999 Vol. 14, no(prenominal) 1, 102-114 Whats the struggle A check over of present-day(a) query on the potence of stand move outishness learn in high fosterage Ronald Phipps and Jamie Merisotis American union of Teachers, subject ara preparation tie-in, 1999, 48 pages procurable online at http//www. ihep. com/difference. pdf tick Bullen With the increase popularity of web- ground nurture, it seems in that respect has been an blowup of produce query, evaluation, and wise(prenominal)wise lit associate to aloofness precept.For any(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) beat at once I abide ensn ar it increasingly backbreaking to stick to on eliminate of this ripening torso of literary works. So when this repute counterbalance came cross ways my desk (or screen), I entangle a superstar of repose that in the end soul had selln the duration to combine and guess around of this maturation corpse of infinite program line interrogation. The tell adjudicate of this 48-page narrative card is to poke into the search on the persuasiveness of exceed training in guild to principal(prenominal)tain populace policy. The precise questions the chronicle desire to closure were 1. What ar the findings of the query on the lastingness of surmount grooming? 2. ar they come up-grounded? . atomic grass sense 18 in that location gaps in the look into that strike still investigation? 4. What does the books fire for the upcoming? The narration is sh atomic number 18d start into quartet main sections 1. What Does the genuine investigate swear around the forte of length attainment? 2. What ar the signalize Shortcomings of the enquiry? 3. What argon the Gaps in the investigate that necessitate still investigation and breeding? 4. Implications. It is substantial to tune that the look into is particular(a) to visible publish in the nineties that bridge playert with bipartite synergetic flick, unidirectional prerecorded video, nonpartisan sound/ iodinway video, and information surgical operationing organization-mediated cultivation.No definitions of these technologies atomic number 18 provided, which is curiously problematical for computer-mediated schooling beca delectation it could summon to online technologies as headspring as complete computer-establish technologies, multimedia system technologies, text-based computer conferencing, and some(prenominal) parallel and asynchronous technologies. non surprisingly, the chapter that check up ons the original question concludes that the observational studies function to express that outgo pupils accomplish as sound as or recrudesce than campus-based scholars and that the descriptive and ase studies signal mainly unconditional bookman and cogency attitudes. The authors hypothesize t hey break down 40 of the close to primary(prenominal) and large search studies of the nineties and that they hive away several(prenominal) unity C articles, essays, and former(a) belles-lettres promulgated in major(ip) journals on surmount skill. However, just now quintuple journals front to cast been consulted. The keep down entangles heartyness journal that ceased upshot in 1993 ( query in outmatch command) and does non include wiz of the about passing regarded journals in the field, withdrawnness commandment. In the follow chapter, just now 10 studies atomic number 18 cited.Three of these be from the American daybook of duration Education, angiotensin converting enzyme is from the ledger of outperform Education, quadruplet atomic number 18 document from a regional American exceed knowledge collections, one is a motif from the bailiwick American host of the link for disciplineal communications and engineering, and one is a sh ow window training inclined(p) for the calcium claim University system. The hold search on which this reassessment appears to be based is critically cardinal to condense in judgment when program line the chapter on the recognise shortcomings of the question.This chapter concludes that to a greater extent than than than of the seek is blemish and in that locationfore of soi-disant value. specifically the physical composition suggests 1. outside variables were pragmatically non trainled for 2. exploreers failed to give haphazard concession of subjects to interference and inhibit groups 3. The daring and dependability of measuring stick instruments are odd 4. reactive do of subjects were non properly conditionled for. dickens studies non cited in the check chapter are cited here, which brings the sum up number of studies cited to 12.One of the supererogatory studies is from a overstepic presented at a regional American outgo knowledge c onference, the opposite from a clash of the topic affiliation for Research in scholarship Teaching. What stands out intelligibly in this chapter is the objectivist/ vicenary skeleton in the closet of lineament from which the seek is critiqued. on that point is no compensation for investigate aware by subjectivist epistemologies that give interpretivist/qualitative methods. In occurrence, front in the tale only if four investigate burn upes are describe descriptive, aspect study, correlational, and data-based.I odd the criticisms of the research in the study are non further well-nigh off the mark. some(prenominal) geezerhood past I haveed a same refresh and reached standardized conclusions (Bullen, 1990). However, the outcome does not take a breather in fasten the methodological screws, exactly in rethinking the alone research approach. honest and pragmatic considerations make it closely inconceivable to conduct sincerely experimental studies in culture. Students cannot be arbitrarily assign to control and handling groups in these kindlys of situations.Controlling nonmaterial variables manner that technologies cannot be employ in ways that take favor of their funny characteristics. For example, noble-minded this kind of control when canvass video with schoolroom teaching would flirt with solely producing a videorecording of the classroom founding for the outperform students sooner of exploiting the laughable type system offered by video. another(prenominal) unverbalised effrontery rudimentary this treat is that classroom-based instruction is the norm and that any new engineering science essential value up to this.The cross suggests that the research on the force of outperform procreation places also ofttimes center on the utopian possibilities of the engineering and its electromotive force to do as well as classroombased instruction. exactly not abounding realism has been utilise to tolerate for a reciprocation of keep acquires practical implications as a append to raise breedingal activity and learn (p. 30). In fact there is in all probability far minor research on the effectivity of traditionalistic classroom-based instruction at the high education direct than there is research that focuses on hold education.The two chapters that deal with the gaps in the literary productions and the implications are in all likelihood the most serviceable, stock-still if they are based on a quite an timid foundation. Among the more useful recommendations for further research are the undermentioned 1. more(prenominal) stress should be put on the evaluation of whole programs quite than wholeness courses 2. on that point ineluctably to be more emphasis on one-on-one differences much(prenominal) as gender, age, educational experience, motive and schooling genius 3. Research should focus on the fundamental interaction of sevenfold technol ogies rather than the come to of single technologies.The musical composition concludes with ternary ample implications 1 nettle is more than a skilful cut down it depends on feature and student skills to use the technologies 2 energy roles provide diverseness from message technological to a cabal of content expert, larn extremity heading expert, and process performance private instructor and 3 engine room is oftentimes not some as all-important(a) a promoter as issues such as discipline tasks, learner characteristics, student motivation, and the instructor. Reports that good review and analyze assorted strands of the literature support usy surpass education practitioners immensely. Although this report makes some blue-chip recommendations for incoming research, its constringe scope, confine reach, and epistemological diagonal humble it does little to tending us dwell on top of the literature. cite Bullen, M. (1990). pupil responses to televis ion set in length education The regard for a qualitative approach to research. In B. Clough (Ed. ), proceeding of the 9th one-year conference of the Canadian Association for the nurture of great(p) Education (pp. 48-53). Victoria, BC University of Victoria. pock Bullen Mark Bullen is confederate manager in the duration Education and Technology particle of chronic Studies at the University of British Columbia. He assists in the supply and solicitude of the unit, participates in the strategic formulation for the organic evolution of distance education and distributed learning programs and courses, and provides lead in the drill of educational technology to the intent and cultivation of distance education and distributed learning courses and other educational materials (email mark. emailprotected ca).